Bellringer Tell me something about the Renaissance Scientific Revolution Reformation

The Beginnings of the Global Age

Reasons for Exploration Demand for gold, spices and natural resources Desire for the diffusion of Christianity Competition between the European powers Increased navigational technologies Prince Henry the Navigator’s role in exploration

Prince Henry “The Navigator” Sponsored exploration for Portugal Wanted to find an easier route to Asia Saw Africa as a chance to Convert Africans to Christianity Find the riches that Muslim traders brought to Europe

Explorers for Portugal Bartholomeu Dias (1488) Rounded the southern tip of Africa Cape of Good Hope Vasco da Gama (1497) Reached Calicut in India Lost half the ships on the way home Sailors died of thirst, hunger and scurvy Still massively profitable Left sailors to buy spices until fleet returned

Explorers for France Jacques Cartier sought gold, spices and a passage to Asia Never found these things! Explored the coastline of Canada Discovered the St. Lawrence River Claimed much of Canada for France Jesuits and Missionaries follow the explorers

Explorers for England Francis Drake Known as one of the “sea dogs” Hired by Elizabeth I to plunder the Spanish cities in the Americas

Explorers for Spain Christopher Columbus 1492, attempted to find westward passage to India Ferdinand Magellan Left in 1519 with five ships to reach the Pacific Named the Pacific from Balboa’s South Sea His crew was the first to circumnavigate the globe!

Dividing the Globe 1493, Spanish King and Queen Ferdinand and Isabella asked Pope Alexander VI to support claims to the New World Nina, Pinta and Santa Maria (finding of the “indians” of the New World) Pope set up Line of Demarcation Ratified in the Treaty of Tordesillas Spain gets the west, Portugal the east Other Europeans soon wanted in on this new adventure

Diffusion of Christianity Colonist spread their faith to the indigenous people Protestants and Catholics both left for various reasons Religious freedom or mission work Colonists spread their language, customs and faith to these new lands Set up trading posts in these new territories Beginnings of colonialism

Americas Amerigo Vespucci Italian who wrote about his voyage to Brazil Martin Waldseemüller German cartographer who labeled the continents “America” Islands Columbus found became known as the West Indies

Review

Africa: Slavery and Gold Portuguese came to trading ports with their canons and guns and took over Arab trading hubs Slowly began to con small areas on the coast. Why? Lacked resources/accurate maps to venture inland Africans who wanted to control trade resisted the expansion Slavery Many cultures throughout history have had slaves Arabs in the Middle East used enslaved Africans on their farms

Africa: Slavery and Gold Europeans bought large numbers of slaves to work on their plantations African rulers and traders gained slaves in the interior and brought them to the trade ports for the Euros Exchanged for rum, tobacco, weapons, textiles and gunpowder

African Empires Asante Kingdom Present day Ghana Unified by Osei Tutu and created a monopoly on the gold and slave trade Oyo Empire Present day Nigeria

The Dutch Portuguese empire was in decline French, Dutch and British took over their forts Cape Town 1652, first permanent European settlement Boers: Dutch Farmers who killed, enslaved or ousted native Africans Calvinists who believed they were chose and Africans were inferior

Footholds Across Asia and Africa