Submitted To : Submitted By : Mr. Manish Kumar Pankaj Beniwal Professor Deptt of food tech B.Tech (6 sem)G.J.US&THisar

OUTLINE  Introduction  What is it ?  Comparison  Need of E nose  Working  Principle  Applications  Conclusion  Future prospects  Reference  Queries

 Introduction---electronic nose o Electronic noses are engineered to mimic the mammalian olfactory system. o Instrument designed to allow repeatable identifications and classifications of aroma mixtures. o Determines the various characteristics properties of the odour while eliminating operator fatigue.  e-sensing R efers to the capability of reproducing human senses using sensor arrays and pattern recognition systems.

What is it ? Electronic Nose- A device intended to detect odors or flavors. Consist of :- an array of electronic sensors used for chemical detection a neural network mechanism used for pattern recognition

Biological Nose E-Nose Inhaling Pump Mucus Filter Olfactory epithelium Sensors Binding with proteins Interaction Enzymatic proteins Reaction Cell membrane depolarized Signal Nerve impulses Circuitry and neural network  Comparison of e-nose with biological nose o Each and every part of the electronic nose is similar to human nose. o Comparison Table:

 The need of an e-nose o The human sniffers are costly when compared to electronic nose. o Speedy, reliable new technology of the gas sensors are used in the electronic nose. o Detection of hazardous or poisonous gas is not possible with a human sniffer. o An e-nose also overcomes other problems associated with the human olfactory system. o For the confirmation of the values obtained from a sniffer the result obtained from the sniffer has to be compared with some other sniffer’s value. o There lies a great chances of difference in the values got by each individual.

 WORKING OF E-NOSE o An air sample is pulled by a vacuum pump. o It is led through a tube into a small chamber consisting of electronic sensor array. o A transient response is produced as the volatile organic compounds in the sample interact with the surface of the sensor’s active material. o A steady state response is reached within few minutes. o This response is then sent to a signal processing unit.

o A washing gas such as an alcohol vapour is applied to the array for a few seconds to a minute. o This is done to remove the odorant mixture from the surface and bulk of the sensor's active material. o Finally, the reference gas is again applied to the array, to prepare it for a new measurement cycle. o A variety of basic sensors can be used according to the nose strategy chosen. o Each sensor in the array has different characteristics. o The pattern of response across all the sensors in the array is used to identify and/or characterize the odour. Contd..

 Working principle of an e-nose Electronic noses include three major parts: I. a sample delivery system II. a detection system III.a computing system I.Sample delivery system o Enables the generation of the headspace (volatile compounds) of a sample. o The system then injects this headspace into the detection system of the e-nose.

II. Detection system o Consists of a sensor set, is the "reactive" part of the instrument. o Adsorption of volatile compounds on the sensor surface causes a physical change of the sensor; they experience a change of electrical properties. o A specific response is recorded by the electronic interface transforming the signal into a digital value. o Recorded data are then computed based on statistical models. III. Computing system o Works to combine the responses of all of the sensors.

 Applications of E-nose The applications(current) of an electronic nose include: Medical diagnosis and health monitoring Environmental monitoring Application in food industry Detection of explosives Space applications(NASA) In research and development industries In quality control laboratories In process and production department

 In Food Industry 1. Dairy Applications 2. Meat and Poultry Applications 3. Fruit and Vegetable Applications 4. Grains and Beans Applications 5. Beverage Applications

Grains and Beans  CPS (chemical parameter spectrometry) – contains 4 amperometric sensors.  Odor of classes of good,moldy, weakly oats was predicted  classify grains contaminated with alfatoxins. Working :  Sample of dilute vapor is pyrolysed on heated catalyst of platinum.  Then passed through 4 amperometric sensors of diff selectivity.  Each sample was measured with 4 sensors at 4 diff temp generating 16 signals.  Signals are finally treated with ANN (artificial neural network)

Beverage :  Beer : Aroma scan A20S with 20 CP is used  Spanish wine makers monitored lot-to lot variation in ingredients and detected microbial contamination early using e-nose Dairy :  Enose 4048 system with 12 CP and Aroma scan A20S with 20 CP are used.  Sensors arrays have been used to determine the role of fatty acid in aroma profiles of swiss cheese.

 Conclusion  An “electronic nose” is a system originally created to mimic the function of an animal nose.  Offers a cheap and non destructive instrument that (if properly programmed and automated) can be operated by non specialists.  Since the whole process is automatic, the cost of each measurement is very low.  Finally, the measurement cycle should be faster in order to increase throughput.  However, this analytical instrument is more a “multi-sensor array technology” than a real “nose”.  Whatever the sensor technology, it is still far from the sensitivity and selectivity of a mammalian nose.  Therefore, its aim is not to totally replace either the human nose or other analytical methods.

o in field of crime prevention and security o detection of harmful bacteria o detection of drug odours etc. The possible and future applications of an electronic nose include:

REFERENCES  FLGEN KOREL.& MURAT BALABAN -Uses of electronic nose in food industry.  Elizabeth A. Baldwin. Jinhe Bai -Electronic tongue and nose : application for food and pharmaceutical industry.  Juan, E.Susana- quality control through electronic nose sysytem.  Rod goodman- The Electronic nose – from chips to robot  gust_09/P_470.pdf gust_09/P_470.pdf

Any Queries ???

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