Affective Development in Middle Childhood Zembar and Blume Middle Childhood Development: A Contextual Approach, First Edition ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

Theoretical Viewpoints Psychodynamic Theories of Personality: – Freud’s psychoanalytic theory of personality (1959) is based on biological drives and instincts Id – the inner world of subjective experience Ego – interacts with objective reality Superego – conscience

Freud’s Psychosexual Stages Developmental StagePsychosexual Stage InfancyOral ToddlerhoodDuring this stage libidinal gratification is derived from intake (as food), by sucking, and later by biting Early childhood Middle childhood Adolescence

Freud’s Psychosexual Stages Developmental StagePsychosexual Stage Infancy ToddlerhoodAnal Early childhoodDuring this stage the child is concerned especially with its feces Middle childhood Adolescence

Freud’s Psychosexual Stages Developmental StagePsychosexual Stage InfancyDuring this stage the child becomes Toddlerhood Early childhoodPhallic Middle childhoodinterested in his or her own sexual organs Adolescence

Freud’s Psychosexual Stages Developmental StagePsychosexual Stage InfancyDuring this stage the child’s sexual urges appear to lie dormant Toddlerhood Early childhood Middle childhoodLatency Adolescence

Freud’s Psychosexual Stages Developmental StagePsychosexual Stage Infancy During this stage the child’s oral and anal impulses are subordinated to adaptive interpersonal mechanisms Toddlerhood Early childhood Middle childhood AdolescenceGenital

Freud’s Psychosexual Stages Developmental StagePsychosexual Stage InfancyOral ToddlerhoodAnal Early childhoodPhallic Middle childhoodLatency AdolescenceGenital

Theoretical Viewpoints Psychodynamic Theories of Personality: – Erikson’s psychosocial theory of personality (1950) focuses on the support of significant others that influence the possible outcomes of normative developmental crises throughout the lifespan

Erickson’s Psychosocial Stages Developmental PeriodPsychosocial Conflict InfancyTrust vs. Mistrust ToddlerhoodAutonomy vs. Shame and doubt Early ChildhoodInitiative vs. Guilt Middle ChildhoodIndustry vs. Inferiority AdolescenceIdentity vs. Role Confusion Early AdulthoodIntimacy/Solidarity vs. Isolation Middle AdulthoodGenerativity vs. Self-absorption Late AdulthoodIntegrity vs. Despair

Theoretical Viewpoint s Humanistic Theories of Personality: – Maslow’s self-actualization theory (1962) is based on basic human needs and the individual’s motivation and ability to achieve them.

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Theoretical Viewpoints Humanistic Theories of Personality: – Roger’s person-centered theory (1961) is based on children’s phenomenological responses to the world and that children internalize positive regard from significant others when they receive support, acceptance, and approval