Introduction. Parts of Speech. ― Nouns. ― Verbs. ― Pronouns.  Personal Pronouns.  Demonstrative Pronouns. ― Prepositions.  Prepositions of Place.

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Introduction. Parts of Speech. ― Nouns. ― Verbs. ― Pronouns.  Personal Pronouns.  Demonstrative Pronouns. ― Prepositions.  Prepositions of Place.  Prepositions of Time Assignment.

Hello my dear students. In this session, I will teach those who are beginners in English the basics of the language. I hope you enjoy and have fun learning. مرحبًا طلابي الأعزاء، في هذه الدورة سأقوم بتعليم المبتدئين في اللغة الإنجليزية بعض مبادئ اللغة الأساسية و الطريقة الصحيحة لتكوين الجمل. أتمنى أن تستمتعوا و تتعلموا.

In English, words are classified based on eight parts of speech: the verb, the noun, the pronoun, the adjective, the adverb, the preposition, the conjunction, and the interjection. في اللغة الإنجليزية يتم تصنيف الكلمات ضمن ثمانية أجزاء من الكلام: الفعل، الاسم، الضمير، الصفة، ظرف الحال، حروف الجر، حروف الربط، حروف التعجب. Each part of speech explains not what the word is, but how the word is used. In fact, the same word can be a noun in one sentence and a verb or adjective in the next. كل جزء من أجزاء الكلام لا يصف الكلمة و إنما يصف كيف تستخدم. في الواقع هناك بعض الكلمات التي قد تكون أفعال في جملة و أسماء أو صفات في جملة أخرى.

Subjective Personal Pronouns: (ضمائر الفاعل الشخصية) A subjective personal pronoun indicates that the pronoun is acting as the subject in a sentence. ضمائر الفاعل تدل على أن الضمير يعمل عمل الفاعل في الجملة. Subjective personal pronouns classification according to: Number: singular or plural. Gender: male, female, or neuter. Person: first, second, or third person. تصنيف ضمائر الفاعل الشخصية بناءًا على: العدد: مفرد أو جمع. الجنس: مذكر أو مؤنث أو غير عاقل. الشخص: الأول (متكلم)، الثاني (مُخاطب) الثالث (غائب).

Subject Personal Pronouns: ضمائر الفاعل الشخصية Number ( العدد )Pronoun ( الضمير )Person ( الشخص )Gender ( الجنس ) Singular مفرد I ( أنا )First ( الأول )Male/female ( مذكر / مؤنث ) You ( أنت )Second ( الثاني )Male/female ( مذكر / مؤنث ) He ( هو ) Third ( الثالث ) Male ( مذكر ) She ( هي )Female ( مؤنث ) It ( للغير عاقل )Neuter ( غير عاقل ) Plural جمع We ( نحن )First ( الأول )Male/female ( مذكر / مؤنث ) You ( أنت )Second ( الثاني )Male/female ( مذكر / مؤنث ) They ( هم )Third ( الثالث ) Male/female/neuter ( مذكر / مؤنث / غير عاقل ) e.g. I can speak French.You are good at cooking. He is a pilot.She likes skydiving. It didn’t rain today.They will graduate next year. We are studying for the upcoming exam.You are a good team.

Objective Personal Pronouns: (ضمائر المفعول به الشخصية) An objective personal pronoun indicates that the pronoun is acting as the object in a sentence. ضمائر المفعول به تدل على أن الضمير يعمل عمل المفعول به في الجملة. Object personal pronouns are classified according to: Number: singular or plural. Gender: male, female, or neuter. Person: first, second, or third person. تصنيف ضمائر المفعول به الشخصية بناءًا على: العدد: مفرد أو جمع. الجنس: مذكر أو مؤنث أو غير عاقل. الشخص: الأول (متكلم)، الثاني (مُخاطب) الثالث (غائب).

Object personal pronouns: ضمائر المفعول به الشخصية e.g. Sara helped me.My sister will visit you. The teacher punished him.I respect her. The engineer repaired it.I played with them. The neighbors visit us every week. Number ( العدد )Pronoun ( الضمير )Person ( الشخص )Gender ( الجنس ) Singular مفرد Me ( أنا )First ( الأول )Male/female ( مذكر / مؤنث ) You ( أنت )Second ( الثاني )Male/female ( مذكر / مؤنث ) Him ( هو ) Third ( الثالث ) Male ( مذكر ) Her ( هي )Female ( مؤنث ) It ( للغير عاقل )Neuter ( غير عاقل ) Plural جمع Us ( نحن )First ( الأول )Male/female ( مذكر / مؤنث ) You ( أنت )Second ( الثاني )Male/female ( مذكر / مؤنث ) Them ( هم )Third ( الثالث ) Male/female/neuter ( مذكر / مؤنث / غير عاقل )

Possessive Pronouns: (ضمائر الملكية) A possessive pronoun indicates that the pronoun is acting as a marker of possession and defines who owns a particular object or person. ضمائر الملكية تدل على أن الضمير يعمل عمل علامة تدل على الملكية و تحدد من يمتلك شيئًا محددًا. Possessive pronouns classification according to: Number: singular or plural. Gender: male, female, or neuter. Person: first, second, or third person. تصنيف ضمائر الملكية بناءًا على: العدد: مفرد أو جمع. الجنس: مذكر أو مؤنث أو غير عاقل. الشخص: الأول (متكلم)، الثاني (مُخاطب) الثالث (غائب).

Object personal pronouns: ضمائر المفعول به الشخصية e.g. This book is mine. The essays were good but yours was the best. John found his clothes but Mary couldn't find hers. I looked at the books but could not find ours. Number ( العدد )Pronoun ( الضمير )Person ( الشخص )Gender ( الجنس ) Singular مفرد Mine ( لي )First ( الأول )Male/female ( مذكر / مؤنث ) Your ( لك )Second ( الثاني )Male/female ( مذكر / مؤنث ) His ( له ) Third ( الثالث ) Male ( مذكر ) Hers ( لها )Female ( مؤنث ) Its ( للغير عاقل )Neuter ( غير عاقل ) Plural جمع Ours ( لنا )First ( الأول )Male/female ( مذكر / مؤنث ) Yours ( لكم )Second ( الثاني )Male/female ( مذكر / مؤنث ) Theirs ( لهم )Third ( الثالث ) Male/female/neuter ( مذكر / مؤنث / غير عاقل )

ضمائر الإشارة هي: This : يستخدم للإشارة لأشياء قريبة في المكان أو الزمن و يشير للأسماء المفردة. That : يستخدم للإشارة لأشياء بعيدة في المكان أو الزمن و يشير للاسماء المفردة. These : يستخدم للإشارة لأشياء قريبة في المكان أو الزمن و يشير لأسماء الجمع. Those : يستخدم للإشارة لأشياء بعيدة في المكان أو الزمن و يشير لأسماء الجمع. E.g.

Prepositions of place. e.g. The ball is in the box.The ball is behind the box. The ball is between the boxes.The ball is next to the box.

In/on/at: In is used to show something that surrounds or encloses us. نستخدم (in) لنبين أن شيئًا مغلق يحيط بنا. e.g. I sleep in my bedroom.She lives in Germany. On is used to show something that is on a surface. نستخدم (on) لنبين أن شيئًا يقع على سطح. e.g. The book is on the desk.The clock is on the wall. At is used to show something that is at a particular point. نستخدم (at) لنبين أن شيئًا عند منطقة أو مكان معينة. e.g. They are at the zoo.Samantha is at the door.

At is also used for complete addresses. تستخدم (at) أيضًا عند كتابة عنوان كامل. e.g. I live at 22 Orchard Road, London, England. Remember: People live in a city/country, on a street/district, and work at a workplace. e.g. I live in Jeddah.He lives on Al-jamah district. She works at the hospital.

 At is used for a particular time, noon, night, and midnight نستخدم (at) مع الأوقات المحددة و noon (الظهيرة) و night (ليلاً) و midnight (منتصف الليل).  From and to are used to show the start and end of a defined period of time. نستخدم (from-to) لنوضح بداية و نهاية فترة زمنية محددة. InOnAtFrom-to In the morningOn SundayAt 6 o’clockFrom Sunday to Thursday In the eveningOn FridayAt 2:20 a.m.From 8:00 to 12:00 In the afternoonOn 31/July/2008At noonFrom April to May In the 17 th centuryOn September 23 rd At midnightFrom sunrise to sunset In 1991On Independence DayAt nightFrom spring to summer In marchOn my birthdayAt sunriseFrom evening to midnight In winterOn New Year’s EveAt dinnertimeFrom 2009 to 2011

Answer the following questions: Q1) Sort the following words in the table below according to their part of speech: walk/cat/them/that/below/street/buy/snow/ours/she/at NounVerbPronounPreposition Q2) Choose the correct answer: 1.She works at the bank. The underlined word is a/an: a)nounb) verb c) pronoun d) none of the previous 2.She works at the bank. The underlined word is a/an: a)nounb) verb c) pronoun d) none of the previous

3.She works at the bank. The underlined word is a/an: a)nounb) verb c) pronoun d) none of the previous 4.She works at the bank. The underlined word is a/an: a)nounb) verb c) pronoun d) none of the previous 5.I wake up …… the morning. The appropriate word to fill the gap is: a)inb) at c)on d) below 6.I was born ……. September 19 th, The appropriate word to fill the gap is: a)inb) at c)on d) under 7.I arrived ……. noon. The appropriate word to fill the gap is: a)inb) at c)on d) above

Q3) Look at the following picture and fill in the gaps with the appropriate preposition: (in/under/next to/between/on) 1)The cat is ………….. the armchair. 2)The clock is ………….. the wall. 3)The vase is ………….. the table. 4)The ball is ………….. the table. 5)The flowers are ………….. The vase. 6)The table is ………….. the chair and armchair.