What is Trade?

Trade: The action of buying and selling goods and services. A basic economic concept that involves multiple parties participating in the voluntary negotiation and then the exchange of one's goods and services for desired goods and services that someone else possesses.

Specialization A method of production where a business or area focuses on the production of a limited scope of products or services in order to gain greater degrees of productive efficiency within the entire system of businesses or areas. United States North Carolina

Specialization and Interdependence One country depends on another country for something and that country may depend on another country, which eventually creates global interdependence. Why does Importing and exporting of goods and services highly contribute to global interdependence?

Import + Export results in a positive or negative balance of trade Import – bring (goods or services) into a country from abroad for sale. $ is lost Export – send (goods or services) to another country for sale. $ is gained

Government policies on International Trade Tariff – Tax on Imported Goods; quota – limit on # of goods imported Embargo – an official ban on trade or other commercial activity with a particular country. Sanctions – any actions taken by one nation or group of nations to harm the economy of another nation or group, often to force a political change

Comparative Advantage The ability of a country to produce goods and/or services at a lower opportunity cost than other firms or individuals. A comparative advantage gives a country the ability to sell goods and services at a lower price than its competitors and have stronger sales margins.

Absolute Advantage The ability of a country, individual, company or region to produce a good or service at a lower cost per unit than the cost at which any other entity produces that good or service.

Specialization Problems of Specialization? A method of production where a business or area/country focuses on the production of a limited scope of products or services in order to gain greater degrees of productive efficiency. Many countries specialize in producing the goods and services that are native to their part of the world. Examples of this?

Interdependence and Globalization Interdependence is a relationship in which each member is mutually dependent on the others. Globalization is the tendency of businesses and technologies to spread throughout the world.

US in World Economy Top exports 1.Petroleum Refining 2.Organic Chemical Manufacturing 3.Car and Automobile Manufacturing 4.Plastic and Resin Manufacturing 5.Brand Name Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Top imports 1. Oil Drilling and Gas Extraction 2. Petroleum Refining 3. Car and Automobile Manufacturing 4. Brand Name Pharmaceutical Manufacturing 5. SUV and Light Truck Manufacturing

NC in World Economy North Carolina’s largest market in 2012 was Canada ($6.9 billion) followed by China ($2.5 billion), Mexico ($2.3 billion), Japan ($1.7 billion), and Germany ($1 billion).

Gross State Product The sum of all value added by industries within the state and serves as a counterpart to the gross domestic product (GDP). In other words, a GDP for the state. NC’s is $424.9 Billion 9 th wealthiest state

NC Largest Outputs (Agriculture) Poultry Eggs Tobacco Swine Milk Cattle Sweet Potatoes Soybeans

NC Agriculture and Manufacturing NC is a national leader in Agricultural Outputs Ranked 8 th in the nation in manufacturing Manufacturing and agricultural sectors are losing jobs to places like Asia overseas.

Charlotte Experiencing growth due to the banking and finance industry 2 nd largest banking center in the US, just behind New York Home to 8 fortune 500 companies

Other Important Industries  Information  Biotechnology  Furniture  Banking  Film  Arts  (Notice, like in Forsyth County, there are many service- related industries that are essential for North Carolina’s economy.) Wells Fargo, GMAC, Forsyth + Baptist Hospitals.

Protecting Domestic Industry

Tariff, Embargo, and Sanctions Tariff – a tax on imports or exports Quota – limit on # of items imported Embargo – an official ban on trade or other commercial activity with a particular country. Sanction – a threatened penalty for disobeying a law or rule.

Trade Organizations WTOThe World Trade Organization deals with the global rules of trade between nations. EUThe European Union is an economic and political union of 28 member states that are located primarily in Europe.

Trade Organizations NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement – A regulation implemented on Jan. 1, 1994, that decreased and eventually eliminated tariffs to encourage economic activity between the United States, Mexico and Canada. CAFTA The CAFTA-DR is the first free trade agreement between the United States and a group of smaller developing economies. This agreement is creating new economic opportunities by eliminating tariffs, opening markets, reducing barriers to services, and promoting transparency

Trade Organizations SEATO In September of 1954, the United States, France, Great Britain, New Zealand, Australia, the Philippines, Thailand and Pakistan formed the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization. The purpose of the organization was to prevent communism from gaining ground in the region

Trade Organizations International Monetary Fund An international organization created for the purpose of: 1. Promoting global monetary and exchange stability. 2. Facilitating the expansion and balanced growth of international trade. 3. Assisting in the establishment of a multilateral system of payments for currency transactions. IMF

Trade Organizations World Bank World Bank Group – Five international organizations dedicated to providing financial assistance and advice to countries struggling with poverty and economic development.