Bellringer Write a short paragraph (3-4 sentences) describing how to classify organisms so that we can distinguish between them. Write a short paragraph (3-4 sentences) describing how to classify organisms so that we can distinguish between them.

Announcements You may not charge your phone in class unless you get permission FIRST. You may not charge your phone in class unless you get permission FIRST. If I see your phone I will take it away. If you argue you’ll receive a detention. If I see your phone I will take it away. If you argue you’ll receive a detention. If I take your phone away today, you will not be getting it back. If I take your phone away today, you will not be getting it back.

Classification Taxonomy- classifying organisms & assigning each a universally accepted name Taxonomy- classifying organisms & assigning each a universally accepted name Why classify?? Why classify?? The 1st attempts were VERY descriptive and so was too hard to standardize The 1st attempts were VERY descriptive and so was too hard to standardize

Carolus Linnaeus was a Swedish botanist that came up with a workable system to classify organisms Carolus Linnaeus was a Swedish botanist that came up with a workable system to classify organisms binomial nomenclature- all spp get a 2-part name binomial nomenclature- all spp get a 2-part name still in use still in use

Scientific name always in italics or underlined Scientific name always in italics or underlined 2 part name- Genus & specific epithat (species) 2 part name- Genus & specific epithat (species) Ex: Ursus arctos Ex: Ursus arctos Homo sapiens Homo sapiens

Linnaeus’s - 7 levels Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species King Phillip came over for good sex King Phillip came over for good sex **DOMAIN step above kingdom

THREE DOMAINS OF LIFE Domain Bacteria (unicellular, prok) diverse, & w/cell walls made of peptioglycan w/o nucleus Domain Bacteria (unicellular, prok) diverse, & w/cell walls made of peptioglycan w/o nucleus Domain Archea (unicellular, prok)- extreme environments; w/o nucleus Domain Archea (unicellular, prok)- extreme environments; w/o nucleus Domain Eukarya- w/nucleus Domain Eukarya- w/nucleus

Domain Eukarya Domain Eukarya Kingdoms Kingdoms Plantae- photosynthetic autotrophs Plantae- photosynthetic autotrophs Fungi- feed on dead/decaying organic matter Fungi- feed on dead/decaying organic matter Animalia- heterotrophs Animalia- heterotrophs Protista- diverse life Protista- diverse life

CHECKPOINT Complete the worksheet on Linnaean classification. Complete the worksheet on Linnaean classification. Glue the page into your composition notebook. Glue the page into your composition notebook.

MODERN EVOLUTIONARY CLASSIFICATION Linnaeus grouped organisms by visible similarities Linnaeus grouped organisms by visible similarities Now biologists group organisms into categories based on evolutionary descent or PHYLOGENY Now biologists group organisms into categories based on evolutionary descent or PHYLOGENY PHYLOGENY-study of evolutionary relationships b/w organisms PHYLOGENY-study of evolutionary relationships b/w organisms Evolutionary classification-grouping organisms based on evolutionary history Evolutionary classification-grouping organisms based on evolutionary history

Spp in the same genus are more closely related than species of a different genus but same family Spp in the same genus are more closely related than species of a different genus but same family DERIVED CHARACTERS-traits that show up in recent parts of a lineage but not in the more ancient members DERIVED CHARACTERS-traits that show up in recent parts of a lineage but not in the more ancient members

CLADOGRAM-diagram that shows evolutionary relationships b/w organisms CLADOGRAM-diagram that shows evolutionary relationships b/w organisms obonu/cladograms/Open-This-File.swf obonu/cladograms/Open-This-File.swf

CHECKPOINT 1. Complete the worksheet on cladograms. 2. Glue the worksheet into your composition notebook.

KINGDOMS AND DOMAINS The tree of life has evolved as scientist discover new things The tree of life has evolved as scientist discover new things living things were classified into 5 kingdoms living things were classified into 5 kingdoms  Plantae, animalia, protista, fungi, monera

Kingdom Monera had Bacteria & Archeabacteria Kingdom Monera had Bacteria & Archeabacteria Even before that protista, plantae, & animalia were the 3 groups of living things Even before that protista, plantae, & animalia were the 3 groups of living things And even earlier it was just plantae & animalia And even earlier it was just plantae & animalia

CHECKPOINT Use Intrepreting Tables: Fig p/524 to answer questions in complete sentences in your composition book. 1. How many cells do Archaea have? 2. What makes Fungi different from Protists? 3. What sets Animalia apart from all other kingdoms of organisms? 4. Which kingdom contains some species that share characteristics with Plantae? Explain.