Danida Development Days June COUNCIL FOR TECHNICAL AND VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING (COTVET), GHANA PRESENTATION BY DANIEL BAFFOUR-AWUAH, EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR AT DANIDA DEVELOPMENT DAYS, COPENHAGEN 8 – 9 JUNE 2009

Danida Development Days June PRESENTATION OUTLINE The Object of COTVET Specific Functions Our Goal Formal Public TVET Institutes in Ghana Informal Apprentice Training National TVET Qualifications Framework Recognition of Prior Learning Skills Development Fund Conclusio n

Danida Development Days June OBJECT OF THE COUNCIL The COTVET ACT (Act 718, 2006) was passed with the object to co- ordinate and oversee all aspects of technical and vocational education and training in the country.

Danida Development Days June SPECIFIC FUNCTIONS Formulate national policies for skills development across the broad spectrum of pre-tertiary and tertiary education, formal informal and non-formal; Co-ordinate, harmonize and supervise the activities of private and public providers of technical and vocational education and training, including the informal sector

Danida Development Days June SPECIF FUNCTIONS CONTINUED Rationalize the assessment and certification system in technical and vocational education and training Take measures to ensure quality in delivery of and equity in access to technical and vocational education and training Maintain a national database on technical, vocational education and training

Danida Development Days June SPECIF FUNCTIONS CONTINUED Facilitate research and development in the technical and vocational education and training system; Source funding to support technical and vocational education and training activities Facilitate collaboration between training providers and industry to promote – demand driven curriculum development and placement, and – national internship programmes

Danida Development Days June SPECIF FUNCTIONS CONTINUED Promote co-operation with international agencies and development partners; Issue annual reports on the state of skills development in the country; Advise Government on all matters related to the management and improvement of the technical and vocational education and training system

Danida Development Days June OUR GOAL To ensure that the unemployed particularly the youth are given competitive, employable and entrepreneurial skills nationally and globally within the formal and informal sectors. To ensure that graduates coming out of our formal, informal and non-formal TVET institutions are endowed with employable and entrepreneurial skills.

Danida Development Days June Basic Education (JHS) Apprenticeship Stream Vocational Institute Stream Technical Institute Stream Senior High School Stream PolytechnicsUniversities 40%60% (162,000 in 2007) NEET

FORMAL PUBLIC TVET INSTITUTIONS MINSTRYNUMBER/TYPE Ministry of Education26/Technical Institutes Ministry of Employment and Social Welfare 38/Vocational Training 3/OICs 9/Leadership Training 9/Social Welfare Centres, Voc 75/ICCES Ministry of Trade and Industry9/Technical and Vocational Training Ministry of Women & Children Affairs1/Vocational Training Ministry of Agriculture3/Agricultural Training Ministry of Road and Transport1/Technical Training Ministry of Local Government26/Vocational (CDC) Danida Development Days June

INFORMAL APPRENTICE TRAINING IN GHANA Informal apprenticeship training remains the largest provider of skills and is responsible for some 80-90% of all basic skills training in Ghana, compared to 5-10% from public training institutions and 10-15% from NGO for-profit and non-profit providers Danida Development Days June

INFORMAL APPRENTICE TRAINING Labor force data for Ghana in 2000 shows that there were 207,047 economically active persons (15 years and older) in apprenticeship training (GSS - Ghana Statistical Service, 2005), NVTI estimates there to be a much higher number than this; ‘not less than 500,000’ (NVTI Director) A senior member of the 2002 Anamuah-Mensah group indicated ‘no one in Ghana knows how many apprentices there are’ Danida Development Days June

INFORMAL APPRENTICE TRAINING (CURRENT SITUATION) Currently, about one of every three youth in the age group has experience as an apprentice, compared to one in four youth fifteen years ago. The percentage of young women doing an apprenticeship has doubled in the last fifteen years (World Bank, 2008a). Danida Development Days June

EDUCATIONAL FRAGMENTATION Source, Palmer and Ahadzi Danida Development Days June TRADE AREA% WITH LESS BASIC EDUCATION SAMPLE SIZE Hair Dressing258/32 Tailoring2715/55 Auto mechanics3514/40 Electrical installation3514/50 Welding3611/30 Carpentry5020/40 Dressmaking4928/57 Weaving5910/17

RELEVANCE INFORMAL APPRENTICE TRAINING Work based and practical, close link between training and production Allows for a gradual building up of informal enterprise network (eg suppliers, customers etc) More effective than formal pre-employment training Offers possibility of finding employment with their masters after graduation Danida Development Days June

QUALITY OF INFORMAL APPRENTICE TRAINING Finds it difficult to connect to technological advances Delivers training in enterprise of varying quality Provides trainees with little, if any theoretical understanding of the on-the-job process they learn Training-production balance is biased towards production Danida Development Days June

FUNDING OF INFORMAL APPRENTICE TRAINING Cost borne by apprentice and family members Made up of two types, commitment and graduation fees, paid at the start and graduation respectively Some trades require that the apprentices bring certain items before they start the training (eg carpentry {tool box}, dress making {own machine) Masters provide small amount on daily basis to cover feeding and sometimes transportation (chop money) Danida Development Days June

COSTING OF INFORMAL APPRENTICE TRAINING IN URBAN AREAS FEE TYPEMIN (USD) MAX (USD)AVE (USD)Remarks Commitment Far lower in rural areas Graduation do- Tool Box do- Total391, do- Danida Development Days June

Danida Development Days June NATIONAL TVET QUALIFICATIONS FRAMEWORK LevelsQualificationRequired Entry Background Level 1Proficiency I From no-formal-education to some basic education but less than BECE. Level 2Proficiency IIProficiency I Level 3Certificate I Basic Education Certificate of Education (BECE) or Proficiency II

Danida Development Days June NATIONAL TVET QUALIFICATIONS FRAMEWORK (Continued) Level 4Certificate II(SSCE) or Certificate I Level 5Diploma(SSCE) or Certificate II Level 6Higher National Diploma (SSCE) or Diploma Level 7B Tech(SSCE) or HND

RECOGNITION OF PRIOR LEARNING (RPL) The acknowledgement through EVALUATION of a person’s skills and knowledge acquired through previous training, work or life experience, which may be used to grant credit in a unit standard” - MQA Danida Development Days June

Danida Development Days June SKILLS DEVELOPMENT FUND The SDF is a challenge fund catering for the skills needs of the formal as well as the informal sector. It is being made available for pre-employment initiatives as well as initiatives addressing the needs of continuous skill upgrading.

PURPOSE OF THE SKILLS DEVELOPMENT FUND As a response to the private sector’s call for an adequately qualified labour force and Secondly, the urgency of providing new entrants to the labour market with gainful, employable skills. Danida Development Days June

BUDGET: SKILLS DEV FUND SECTORAMOUNTPERIOD WORLD BANK20,000, DANIDA**12,000, GOVERNMENT OF GHANA 8,000, TOTAL 40,000, ** $800,000 has been pledged to start, with emphasis on the informal sector Danida Development Days June

SDF SUPPORT TO INFORMAL APPRENTICE TRAINING Orientation of master craft persons in improved pedagogies and entrepreneurial Payment of commitment fee for the rural poor in selected priority sectors Training materials for on the job training Start up kits Improve the perception of TVET Improve access Improve quality of delivery Cost sharing with parents Danida Development Days June

Danida Development Days June CONCLUSION Highest commitment from Government, economic operators and local trade associations, parents Adequate resources Synergies between ongoing projects and programmes Highly motivated staff