Science, Computing and Society Week 9 Chapters 7 and 12 Computer Science 129 Science, Computing and Society Week 9 Chapters 7 and 12

GRE/GMAT WORDS Paucity – lack of something Contrite – to feel remorse Laconic – using very few words Pugnacious – verbally combative

Chapter 7 Artificial Neural Networks A collection of primitive electronic devices, that put together, simulate the human neural system Acts similar to sensory perception

Chapter 7 The most basic components of neural networks are modeled after the structure of the brain and, therefore, a great deal of neural network terminology is borrowed from neuroscience

Chapter 7 The Neuron

Chapter 7 Artificial Neuron The input paths look like dendrites, the processing element looks like a soma, the output path looks like the axon and the terminal routes look like synapses.

Chapter 7 Uses for neural Networks: Interpretation Prediction Diagnosis The most successful applications of neural networks are in categorization and pattern recognition

Chapter 12 LANDAUER PRINCIPLE Rolf Landauer discovered that the process of erasing a bit of information dissipates a small amount of energy as heat.

Chapter 12 There is a irreversible loss of useful energy in the universe (2nd Law of Thermodynamics)

Chapter 12 EDGAR ALLAN POE’S “THE PIT AND THE PENDULUM” TAKES PLACE IN DUNGEON DURING THE SPANISH INQUISITION LIGHT SEEPING IN GIVES NEW WAY TO VIEW HIS DUNGEON

Chapter 12 Poe’s book is all about perspective and how things look at different times of day or after different event have happened in our lives. Think of what the horizon looked like to men on ships back when they believed the earth was flat. They would swear they saw the end of the earth and they had better turn around or they would fall off! Now people swear they can see the curve of the earth ! (the earth is too large to see the curve of it while we are on it!!!) We have all been in our own rooms and the pile of clothes on a chair looked like something scary. This is all perspective. Incorporating what we know and what is going on in our lives.

Chapter 12 BIT AND THE PENDULUM ILLUSTRATES WAY SCIENCE SHAPES OUR REALITY SCIENCE IS A DESCRIPTION OF REALITY, NOT AN EXPLANATION OF REALITY

Chapter 12 “SCIENCE IS NOT THE SAME THINGS AS THE REALITY IT DESCRIBES. THERE IS ALWAYS A GAP BETWEEN REALITY AND THE DESCRIPTION OF IT.”

Chapter 12 THE UNIVERSE IS NOT A CLOCK A STEAM ENGINE NOR A COMPUTER “THESE MACHINES ARE METAPHORS FOR REALITY, NOT REALITY ITSELF”

What You Should Know Define: ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK

What You Should Know Define: LANDAUER’S PRINCIPLE

What You Should Know List some uses for Artificial Neural Networks

What You Should Know What are the 4 Principle parts of a Nerve Cell or Neuron

What You Should Know SHORT ESSAY: HOW DOES POE’S PIT AND THE PENDULUM RELATE TO SCIENCE AND REALITY?