Reform in Great Britain, 1820s- 1840s
Successful Reform in Britain British notice the July Revolution! – threats work! 1820s Tories more liberal: Robert Peel Pro free trade – pro secular state (vs. Church) 1673 Test Act repealed – Catholics Emancipated!!! (NOT IN IRELAND!!!) 1830 George IV dies --- William IV --- Whigs under Earl Grey push hard for reform Fear of revolution – like the July Days in France
Successful Reform in Britain Representation Problem Can’t reform House of Commons Rotten Boroughs: empty with industrialization… 500 men (mainly House of Lords) elected House of Commons! Reform Bill, 1832 (“English”) Increased numbers of voters significantly House of Commons emerged as major legislative body Industrial areas gained representation “Rotten boroughs” eliminated
Irish Potato Famine, 1846
The Chartist Movement 1838 People's Charter - London Working Men's Association (LWMA) by Thomas Lovett and Francis Place The Charter had six demands: All men to have the vote (universal manhood suffrage) Voting should take place by secret ballot Parliamentary elections every year, not once every five years Constituencies should be of equal size Members of Parliament should be paid The property qualification for becoming a Member of Parliament should be abolished
Factory Acts, 1830s & 40s 1833: Factory Act. No children under 9 were to be employed except in silk mills. Those aged 9 to 13 were restricted to 9 hours a day and 48 hours a week with two hours school a day. Children and young persons were not to work outside the period 5.30 a.m. to 8.30 p.m. For the first time, factory inspectors were appointed. 1842: Mines Act. This stopped children under 9 and women from working underground. 1847: Factory Act. Women and young persons in textile factories were limited to 10 hours a day or 10.5 if Saturday was a half holiday. This is sometimes known as the Ten Hour Act.