A Framework for Building Open and Sustainable Disaster Management Information Systems C. T. Hsaio *, J. M. Ho * *, and J. W. S. Liu * * * Research Center for Information Technology Innovation, Academia Sinica **Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica Open Data and Information for a Changing Planet B2 Critical Information and Communication Technologies for Disaster-Preparedness and Response Chair: Jan-Ming Ho

2 Welcome Magnitude 7+ Earthquake

MAD Shelter locations, Medical centers, POS Servers Interface Server Mobile App Mobile Assistant for Disasters

4 Response Recovery Preparedness Reconstruction Prediction and warning Scenario development Emergency SOP development Education & training Preparedness Real-time monitoring, modeling, forecasting Scenario identification/situation awareness Dependable alert/alarm/warning delivery Effective use of alarm information Prediction and warning Connectivity diagnosis and repair Information dissemination Command and control decision support Resource dispatching Response Impact assessment Restoration of telecommunication, transportation & other infrastructures Recovery Mitigation and prevention Disaster management cycle

5 0% 100% 024h48h 72h Availability Impact On Power of Information “Information can save lives, livelihoods and resources.” – World Disasters Report, 2005 “Today, even mobile phones could be used as an effective medium to provide early warnings and thus save lives and property” – R. K. Pachauri, 2009 “Small advances in emergency informatics could significantly reduce deaths, accelerate damage assessment, and minimize economic downtime” – R. R. Murphy, 2010

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9 資訊綜整共享運作機制 9 中央災害應變中 心分析研判組 災害防救應用服務平台 中央災害應變中 心分析研判組 交通部 中央氣象局 交通部 中央氣象局 經濟部 水利署 經濟部 水利署 行政院農委會 水保局 行政院農委會 水保局 內政部營建署 內政部消防署 交通部 公路總局 交通部 公路總局 國家災害防救 科技中心 國家災害防救 科技中心 XML, KML 地方政府 民眾，記者 XML, KML 基本圖資 監測圖資 災情資訊 設施操作 … 基本圖資 監測圖資 災情資訊 設施操作 … 基本圖資 監測圖資 中央災害應變中心 指揮官 XML KML 災情資訊 設施操作 資訊綜整共享運作機制

Situation Assessment & Decision Support Cloud Predefined processes ARC GIS Interfaces Historical records EOC’s D - 1 Prepared Information Prepared Information A Typical Typhoon Scenario Models NGIS data ~ D - 2 ~ D – 1 D day Data ~ 200 datasets

Emergency Response Support Cloud Situation Assessment & Decision Support Cloud Predefined processes ARC GIS Interfaces Historical records EOC’s MAD 7+ Responsible discovery and access to information in all sources essential !

The systems cannot make good use of all information sources, including ones owned by businesses, communities, and so on The systems do not exploit synergistically information from networks of things and crowd of people The systems do not provide resilient and responsive physical and logical connectivity The systems are not sufficiently agile in response to changes in disaster situation Common Limitations of DMIS

A Framework for Open and Sustainable DMIS Jan-Ming Ho (IIS), Ching-Teng Hsiao (CITI), Der-Tsai Lee (IIS) and Jane W. S. Liu (IIS & CITI) Application ComponentIT Component Flow Control and Fusion of Symbiotic Information John K. Zao (NCTU), Sheng-Wei Chen (IIS) Jane W. S. Liu (IIS) & Edward T.-H. Chu (NYUST) Disaster Information System for Resilient Communities Feng-Tyan Lin (NCKU) Hsueh-Cheng Chou (NCDR) Han-Liang Lin (NCKU) Climate Extremes and Weather Disasters Data Repository Shaw-Chen Liu (RCEC); Chia Chou (RCEC) Shih-Chun Lung (RCEC) & Mong-Ming Lu (CWB) Crustal Deformation and Faulting Behavior Databases Jian-Cheng Lee (IES), Long-Chen Kuo (IES) Wen-Tzong Liang (IES) Virtual Repository Ching-Teng Hsiao (CITI), Pen-Chung Yew (U of Minn) David Hung-Chang Du (U. of Minn) Open Information Gateway Chi-Sheng Shih (NTU), Ling-Jyl Chen (IIS) Phone Lin (NTU), Kwei-Jay Lin (UCI) Ching-Ju Lin (CITI) & Wei-Ho Chung (CITI)

Wrapper interface Filtering and Fusion Information SourcesApplicationsOpen Information System Disaster mitigation applications Disaster warning systems Real-time C3 Sahana & other DMS Road and traffic conditions data.gov.tw datasets Weather forecast, models, imagery, sea surface temperature, etc Census and GIS data on vegetation, wildlife, geological profile, etc. Eyewitness reports, news, messages, twitter, etc. OpenSensorIS Sensor data on water levels & flow rates, soil moisture profile, land slide susceptibility; seismic activities; bridge stress, etc. Information flow control mechanisms Fusion, virtualization, & visualization services

Contents contributed by diverse, independent sources Responsive, trustworthy emergency Information broker service Sources = applications/users Individualized view of a virtual data cloud for each application/user Effective use of compute, communication and storage resources provided by points of service

Data Srcs Sources with LOD Official DMIS Databases Open Data Sources Scientific Databases Other Sources Trustworthy Information Brokerage Service Interfaces for HTTP GET, HTTP POST, FTP GET, etc. HAPPY Open Information Gateway TRIP Virtual Repository Components and Interfaces Apps MADADAST Rescue support Other applications C3 Decision support POS ResourcesPOS Resources

Sources with LOD Official DMIS Databases Open Data Sources Scientific Databases Other Sources MAD ADAS T Rescue support Other applications C3 Decision support Open Information Gateway External Ontology Set External Ontology Set External Ontology Set SPARQL Interfaces Data Update Module Data Validation Module Client Subscriber Service Client Notification Service Web Services - API Others … Others SPARQL Query Interface Triple Store VR Internal Ontology Set Index Triple Set Cached Data Triple Set Cached Link Triple Set VR Core VR Tools Translation tools : Xquery, D2RQ, etc Indexers for different data types Others … Others

MAD v1.0 based on VR & LOD Virtual Repository Data Sources Other Applications Server POS Servers Mobile Clients LOD Resources: Links, Metadata, Ontology Dictionary Linked Data Interface Interface Server VR Interface Data to RDF Converter LOD Storage Cached Data in RDF format Cached Data in RDF format Cached Data in RDF format

19  Building virtual repository on advances in Interoperability made by large projects e.g. US IPAWS-OPEN, EU SANY, and so on Standards & tools, e.g., OGC SWE & ARCGIS Semantic web technologies and open source software, e.g., LOD2, etc.  Develop missing technologies, including Trustworthy information access control and privacy protection for use during emergencies Intelligent active storage service Current and Future Work

20 Thank You!