Breastfeeding A Key to Sustainable Development World Breastfeeding Week (1-7 August 2016) Name

This year's World Breastfeeding Week focuses on the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that governments around the world have agreed to achieve by The SDGs build on the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and cover a range of issues on ecology, economy and equity. WBW Theme

Breastfeeding is relevant to many of the SDGs

Goal 1. End poverty in all its forms everywhere Cognitive losses associated with not breastfeeding impact earning potential, and amount to global loss of $302 billion annually India looses approx Crores annually Source: Lancet Series on Breastfeeding 2016

An infant with 3.0 kg weight will require app. 500 ml of prepared formula milk per day. 500 ml of prepared formula milk costs app. INR per day, app. INR 2000 per month. The cost doesn’t include expenses on bottles, water, fuel etc. Average wages of a worker in NREGA are INR per day. Infant fromula is costly!

Optimal breastfeeding provides food security for infants and young children Optimal breastfeeding prevents morbidity and prevent undernutrition Breastfeeding can reduce 1/4 th of overweight/obesity in children between 5-17 years in India Goal 2: End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture Source: Lancet Series on Breastfeeding 2016

Breastmilk provides optimum nutrition Nutrients in breatmilk – 2 nd year of life WHO (2009). Infant and young child feeding: Model Chapter

Goal 3. Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages

Risk of neonatal mortality according to time of initiation of breastfeeding Six times more risk of death Source: Edmonds EK et al, Pediatrics 2006;117: % Newborn deaths can be reduced

Breastfeeding Saves Lives!

In India Annually,Breastfeeding can prevent … Source: Lancet Series on Breastfeeding 2016 * UN IGME Report 2015 ** RSOC 2014 Under-5 child deaths* 156,000 Prevents 1 in 3 new case of type -2 diabetes

Goal 4. Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong opportunities for all

Breastfeeding leads to high IQ, Educational attainment and monthly Income Victora CG et al. Lancet Glob Health. 2015

Goal 8: Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all

Every additional month of paid maternity leave decreases IMR by 13%. (Nandi A. et al. PLOS, 2016) Provision of maternity leave results in increased duration of breastfeeding and lesser maternal separation anxiety and optimal maternal infant attachment. (Cooklin AR et al. Aust N Z J Public Health ) India provides 12 weeks of maternity leave (MBA 1961) GOI is contemplating to enhance maternity leave to 26 weeks. Maternity leave and breastfeeding

Goal 10: Reducing inequality within and among countries

Initiation of breastfeeding within one hour of birth in states of India( RSOC/ NFHS-4/ DLHS-3)

Exclusively breastfeeding for first six months in states of India ( RSOC/ NFHS-4/ DLHS-3)

Complementary feeding (6-8 months) in states of India ( RSOC/ NFHS-4/ DLHS-3*) * 6-9 months

In an emergency, breastmilk is a safe and secure source of nutrition, instantly available, providing active protection against illness and keeping an infant close to his/her mother. Goal 13: Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts

GHG emissions due to Milk Formula in India Tonnes CO2 eq.(2012) Total sale of MF 27,783 Tonnes

During emergency, breastmilk is: A safe and secure source of nutrition Provides active protection against illness Instantly available Emergency and breastfeeding

What a country needs to do to enhance breastfeeding rates? Policy, Plan and Coordination Communication and Information Health, Nutrition care System Mother support, community outreach BFHI IYCF in difficult circumstances Maternity Protection International Code, WHA Breastfeeding Protection Promotion Support

Status of IYCF policies and programmes in India World Breastfeeding Trends Initiative-Arrested Development. India’s 4 th Assessment of Policies and Programmes on Infant and young child Feeding

What Should India Invest in Urgently? Having lactation counselors in health facilities and peer counselors in community Implementing BFHI Providing adequate maternity protection Enforcing the IMS Act Sharing correct information Having regular monitoring

Improvements in breastfeeding would help achieve the SDG targets for - Health Food security Education Reducing inequalities Development Climate change What is needed is political commitment, financial investment and effective coordinated action Conclusions Source: Lancet Series on Breastfeeding 2016