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Teaching Assistants Mr. LIU, Tao, Mail Box: 3 rd Floor, Hui Oi Chow Science Bldg Office: G-01B, Hui Oi Chow Science Bldg Tel: Office hours: Tuesday 5:00-6:00pm Wednesday 5:00-6:00pm

Office Hours Wednesday 2:00 ~ 3:00 pm Thursday 2:00 ~ 3:00 pm Important Deadlines 29 th February, Wedn 10:30-12:25 -- Tutorial in class 28 th March –Essay on due Web: User ID:GEOG1017 Password:LinP1 (Both ID and password are case-sensitive)

Population Geography I. Introduction: What & Why? II. Global Pattern III. Population Growth IV. Population Movement

Population Geography Demography: Demography: Describing people in terms of age, sex, education, health etc. Population Geography: Population Geography: Explaining the growth, distribution, movement of people in relation to geographic condition. Questions to be addressed.

II. Population Distribution: Global Pattern * Unevenness * North of the equator * 4 areas of concentration

The population dominance of the Northern Hemisphere

World population density

Why? * Geographic factors: coastal location, warm climate, stable precipitation, farm growing season

Climates of the world

Mean annual precipitation

The pattern of precipitation variability

Principal wheat-growing areas

Why? * Geographic factors * Economic factors * Cultural-historical Existing Population Natural Growth Population Movement

II. Population Growth * Accelerated Growth * Doubling Time * Geographically Uneven ~ Why and How? Understanding Population Growth TimePopulation (billion) B.C

The “doubling time” calculation illustrates the long-range effect of growth rates on populations

World population numbers and projections

Projected percentage contributions to world population growth, by region,

World Population by Continents 2007

Some basic concepts - Birth Rate or Crude Birth Rate (CBR) 40,000 birth 2,000,000 Total Pop - Crude Death Rate or Mortality - Natural Population Increase Rate - Total Fertility Rate (TFR) - Replacement Rate - Infant Mortality Rate = 20%

Crude birth rates, 2007

Crude death rates

Annual rates of natural increase

Total fertility rate (TFR)

Population pyramids Progressive Regressive Intermediate high birth low birth declining birth rates high death low death

Summary population pyramids

Four patterns of population structure

The progression of the “boomers”

Population Pyramids Hong Kong

World population numbers and projections

World birth and death rates to 2005

Infant mortality rates for selected countries

Explaining accelerated population growth ~ Technological Advancements ~ Increased carrying capacities ~ Changes in culture ~ Economic development - Model of Demographic Transition

World population growth 8000 B.C. to A.D. 2000

Early beneficiaries of the Green Revolution

Effects of the Green Revolution

Stages in the demographic transition

Population pyramids Progressive Regressive Intermediate high birth low birth declining birth rates high death low death

Consequences population growth - Overpopulation Thomas R. Malthus - Homeostatic plateau - Marxist - Mid-Ground geometrically arithmetically

The steadily higher homeostatic plateaus

IV. Population Movement * Types of Movement ~ Mobility International ~ Migration Internal Voluntary Forced

IV. Population Movement * Processes of Migration ~ origin and spread ~ pre-historical

IV. Population Movement * Processes of Migration ~ modern time European “Great Migration” Slave Trade Diaspora: Jews, Indians, Chinese

Settlement of the Americas and the Pacific basin

Principal migrations of recent centuries

IV. Population Movement * Reasons of Migration Everett Lee’s push / pull model ~ Physical conditions ~ Economic factors ~ Social factors ~ Political factors

Principal migration of females, compared to males, in percentages. Source: SSB (1994)

IV. Population Movement * Theories of Migration ~ Ravenstein’s Law of Migration ~ Migration Chains ~ Zelinsky’s mobility transition

IV. Population Movement * Consequences of Migration ~ Population structure ~ Remittance ~ Brain drain ~ Political ~ Social