Chapter 28 Middle East Today Section 1 Regional and Global Issues Section 2 Arab-Israeli Conflict

Middle East and Cold War Strategic Importance  Oil, important waterways U.S./Soviets provided arms. economic assistance to countries in regions  Increased middle east tensions Turkey  Soviets try to back communist rebels Resisted with American help  NATO member  Important air bases

After Cold War Rise of Middle East Nations weapons programs  Iraq Rise of terrorism Mad at westernization of Islamic nations

OPEC 1960 created Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries  Tried to end western dominance of oil prices  Used oil as a weapon Stopped oil shipments to countries supporting Israel  Supplies dwindled

Iran-Iraq War Tensions rise do to Iranian Islamic Revolution Iraq invades 8 years resulted in truce Millions killed Attacked oil tankers mined Persian gulf

Persian Gulf War Iraq invaded Kuwait  Try to help further strengthen Saddam Hussein power hold  1990 U.S. U.N. drove Iraqis out of Kuwait Desert Storm U.S. encouraged uprising, but it failed Weapons became a big problem Oil for food On going conflict until present

Section 2 Arab Israeli conflict Thousands of Jewish Refugees came from Europe U.N. took over Palestine was Partitioned 1948 State of Israel established Arab nations immediately declared war Egypt, Syria, Jordan Iraq, Lebanon Israel won

Ongoing Conflict Palestinian Refugees Live in U.N. camps until today Three more major wars between Israel Arabs Six day War, Yom-Kippur War Israel successful, then gives back land U.S. backs Israel/Soviets backed many of Arab Nations

(PLO) Palestinian Liberation Organization Lived in occupied territories 1964 goal was to reclaim Palestine Guerilla warfare against Israel Fought against any Israeli supporters Terrorists

Building A Nation Israel –Democracy  Ashkenazim – Eastern/Central Europe  Sephardim –Mediterranean/Middle East  15 percent are non-Jews Some may feel discriminated against  Arab population growing Economy  Mixed  Lack of natural resources  Leader in technology  Service industry  Spends great deal of money on defense

Peace??? Anwar Sadat Egypt signed a treaty  First Arab country to recognize Israel Intifada – Palestinian uprising Hamas/Islamic Jihad/Hezbollah  Terrorism West Bank/Gaza Strip/Golan Heights Yassir Arafat leader of PLO Oslo Accords  Allowed limited self rule in some areas Suicide bombings 2006 Invasion of Lebanon