Chapter 7 7 Sport in Africa and the Middle East Adel Elnashar, PhD; Mosaad Ewies, PhD; and Gerard Akindes, PhD C H A P T E R

Chapter Objectives Describe the geographical and demographic makeup of Africa and the Middle East Describe the historical background of formalized sport with a focus on the influence of colonization and the development of sport and physical education Identify some of the chief geographical, sociological, and political factors that influence sport in Africa and the Middle East (continued)

Chapter Objectives (continued) Explain how sport in Africa and the Middle East is generally governed Identify future trends in sport development in Africa and the Middle East Describe the influence that apartheid had on the evolution of sport in South Africa and international participation

Africa and the Middle East

Geography and Background of Africa Made up of 53 independent countries. All African countries consist of several ethnic groups unique to their region. Most countries have more than one linguistic group. The African continent is surrounded by the Indian Ocean on the east, the Atlantic Ocean on the west, the Mediterranean Sea on the north, and the Red Sea on the northeast.

Geography and Background of the Middle East The Middle East consists of an area of more than 5 million square miles (13 million sq km) when parts of southwestern Asia and Egypt are included. This diversity gives rise to many religions, such as Islam, Christianity, and Judaism. The dominant religion is Islam.

Development of Sport in Africa Sport in Africa traditionally had a spiritual component to it. The environment shaped the practice of sport. Evolved through three periods: 1.Traditional period 2.Colonial period 3.Postcolonial period

African Triple Heritage in Sport Read the sidebar on page 159 of International Sport Management.

Apartheid and Sport in South Africa Read the case study on page 161 of International Sport Management.

Current Role of Sport in Africa and the Middle East Resisting cultural imperialism (the promotion by the dominant nation of its culture over the cultures of other countries) Developing a national identity Promoting national unity

Role of African and Middle Eastern Governments in Sport Development Establishing rules and regulations Establishing clubs and federal sport unions Joining international sport organizations Developing and organizing physical education in educational institutions Developing sport in educational settings Establishing modern mandates to cope with the new development movement

Migration of African Footballers Read the sidebar on page 165 of International Sport Management. Exemplifies the economic value of sport in Africa and Middle East. Colonial migration → post-independence

Sport Organizations in Africa and the Middle East Supreme Council for Sport in Africa Confederation of African Football Association of National Olympic Committees of Africa SCSA Zone VI Arab Sports Federation Arabic Federation for Sport for All

Government Support of Sport in Egypt Read the case son page 167 of International Sport Management.

Structure of Sport in South Africa

Regional Sport Events in Africa and the Middle East African Cup of Nations Confederation of African Football Champions League All-Africa Games Arab Sports Tournament Mediterranean Games