Date of download: 9/16/2016 Copyright © The American College of Cardiology. All rights reserved. From: Oxygen-Saving Effect of a New Cardiotonic Agent, MCI-154, in Diseased Human Hearts1 J Am Coll Cardiol. 1997;29(3): doi: /S (96) Figure Legend: A, Schematic illustration of relation between left ventricular oxygen consumption per beat (VO 2 ) versus PVA. Based on the parallelism of the Vo 2 –PVA relation, Vo 2 of a contraction at an enhanced Emax level consists of the three components: PVA-dependent Vo 2, an increase in PVA- independent Vo 2 and the same PVA-independent Vo 2 as a contraction at a control Emax level. B, Schematic illustration of the relation between PVA-independent Vo 2 versus Emax. The increase in PVA-independent Vo 2 divided by the increase in Emax was termed the oxygen cost of contractility. (Data from Hata et al. [[31]].)

Date of download: 9/16/2016 Copyright © The American College of Cardiology. All rights reserved. From: Oxygen-Saving Effect of a New Cardiotonic Agent, MCI-154, in Diseased Human Hearts1 J Am Coll Cardiol. 1997;29(3): doi: /S (96) Figure Legend: Bar graphs showing left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (EDP) (A), external work (EW) (B), systolic pressure-volume area (PVA) (C) and myocardial oxygen consumption per beat (VO2) (D) at baseline and during MCI-154 infusion at lower preload (MCI-154), at preload comparable to baseline (MCI Dex1) and at augmented preload (MCI Dex2) in 6 of 10 patients. #p < Dex = dextran solution.

Date of download: 9/16/2016 Copyright © The American College of Cardiology. All rights reserved. From: Oxygen-Saving Effect of a New Cardiotonic Agent, MCI-154, in Diseased Human Hearts1 J Am Coll Cardiol. 1997;29(3): doi: /S (96) Figure Legend: Plots showing Vo 2 –PVA relations in the control (open circles and dotted lines) and enhanced contractile states (solid circles and solid lines) with MCI-154 infusion in the individual patients. Vo 2 was linearly correlated with PVA before and after infusion of MCI-154 in all patients. In these patients, the slope of Vo 2 –PVA relation was not affected by MCI-154 (by ANCOVA).

Date of download: 9/16/2016 Copyright © The American College of Cardiology. All rights reserved. From: Oxygen-Saving Effect of a New Cardiotonic Agent, MCI-154, in Diseased Human Hearts1 J Am Coll Cardiol. 1997;29(3): doi: /S (96) Figure Legend: A, Plots showing relation between PVA-independent Vo 2 versus Emax before and after enhancement of the contractile state with dobutamine infusion (open circles) and MCI-154 infusion (solid circles). Slopes of the solid and dashed lines indicate ΔPVA-independent Vo 2 /ΔEmax. Note that the slope was steeper with dobutamine (dashed line) than with MCI-154 (solid line). B, Bar graphs showing the oxygen cost of contractility with cardiotonic agents. ∗ p < 0.05, dobutamine versus MCI-154.

Date of download: 9/16/2016 Copyright © The American College of Cardiology. All rights reserved. From: Oxygen-Saving Effect of a New Cardiotonic Agent, MCI-154, in Diseased Human Hearts1 J Am Coll Cardiol. 1997;29(3): doi: /S (96) Figure Legend: A, Bar graphs showing the Vo 2 component, Vo 2 for external work (hatched bars), Vo 2 for potential energy (open bars) and PVA-independent Vo 2 (solid bars) during control conditions and dobutamine and MCI-154 infusions. Dobutamine increased total Vo 2 associated with a significant increase in PVA-independent Vo 2. In contrast, MCI-154 did not change total Vo 2, with a modest increase in PVA-independent Vo 2. B, Bar graphs showing the fractions of the three Vo 2 components in relation to total Vo 2 during control conditions and dobutamine and MCI-154 infusions: 20 ± 15%, 35 ± 18%, and 28 ± 15%, respectively.

Date of download: 9/16/2016 Copyright © The American College of Cardiology. All rights reserved. From: Oxygen-Saving Effect of a New Cardiotonic Agent, MCI-154, in Diseased Human Hearts1 J Am Coll Cardiol. 1997;29(3): doi: /S (96) Figure Legend: A, Representative pressure-volume loops obtained by conductance catheter during inferior vena cava occlusion. E max and V 0 are the slope and volume axis intercept of the end-systolic pressure-volume relation (ESPVR), respectively. B, Representative pressure-volume diagram showing method of calculating systolic pressure-volume area (PVA). PVA is the area enclosed by the ESPVR line, the end-diastolic pressure-volume curve and the systolic trajectory of pressure-volume loop (hatched area). PVA consists of potential energy (PE) and external work (EW) and has been considered to represent the total mechanical energy generated by contraction. Effective arterial elastance (E a ) is the negative value of the slope of the diagonal line connecting the end-systolic pressure-volume point and end-diastolic point on the volume axis and characterizes arterial impedance.