ANPS Anatomy & Physiology Joints, Muscles and Movement III

Serratus anterior m. (scapula protraction, lower fibers, upward rotation) Subscapular fossa (subscapularis m.) Glenoid fossa Serratus anterior muscle

Biceps brachii m. – flexes and supinates forearm at elbow joint Anterior view Brachialis m. – flexes forearm at elbow joint (deep to biceps) Arm Muscles

Flexor group of forearm- flex of wrist and fingers Brachioradialis m. - flexion at elbow joint Muscles of the anterior group in the forearm (left side) Forearm Flexor Muscle Groups Superficial layer: (wrist action) Pronator teres m. Flexor carpi radialis m. Palmaris longus m. Flexor carpi ulnaris m. Deeper layers: (finger motion) Flexor digitorum superficialis m. Flexor digitorum profundus m. Pronator quadratus m. Flexor pollicis longus m. and more.....

Thenar muscle group- Abductor pollicis brevis m. Flexor pollics brevis m. Opponens pollicis m. Hypothenar muscle group- Abductor digiti minimi m. Flexor digiti minimi m. Opponens digiti minimi m. Hand Muscle Groups

Triceps m. – extends forearm at elbow joint Extensor group of forearm – extends wrist and fingers Extensor carpi radialis longus & brevis m. Extensor pollicis longus & brevis m. Extensor digitorum m. Extensor carpi ulnaris m. and more Posterior view Arm/Forearm Muscle Extensor Groups

Ulnar nerve Radial nerve Median nerve Spinal nerves Brachial plexus – terminal nerves Musculocutaneous nerve Musculocutaneous n. - arm flexors Median n. - forearm flexors and thenar m. Ulnar n. - some forearm flexors and most hand m. Radial n. - extensor m. in arm and forearm.

Intercostal muscles External intercostal m. Internal intercostal m. Innermost intercostal m. Abdominal muscles External oblique m. Internal oblique m. Transversus abdominis m. Rectus abdominis m. (sixppack) - flexion Thoracic and Abdominal Wall Muscles

Anterior Thigh and Hip Muscles (overview) IliacusPsoas major Sartorius Vastus medialis m. Rectus femoris m. Vastus lateralis m. Superficial Gracilis m. Adductor magnus m. Adductor longus m. Adductor brevis m. Rectus femoris (cut) Pectineus m. Sartorius (cut) Vastus intermed. m. Deep Quadricep m. Adductor m. group

Lateral Thigh and Hip Muscles (overview) Gluteus maximus m. Biceps femoris m. Tensor fascia latae m. sartorius m. Rectus femoris m. Vastus lateralis m. Iliotibial tract Lateral view

Posterior Thigh Hamstring and Hip Muscles (overview) Iliotibial tract Gluteus maximus m. gracilis m. Superficial Gluteus maximus m. (cut) Biceps femoris m. long and short head (behind) Semitendinosus m. Semimembranosus m. Deep Gluteus medius and minimus m. (deep)

Flexes thigh at the hip joint Hip Flexor Muscle (Action) Iliacus m. Psoas major m. Anterior view

Anterior Compartment Anterior view Quadriceps femoris Rectus femoris m. Vastus lateralis m. Vastus intermedius m. Vastus medialis m. Hip Flexors: Rectus femoris m. Sartorius m. Knee Flexors: Sartorius m. sartorius m. v. lateralis v. medialis v. intermed. Quadriceps tendon Patellar tendon rectus femoris Knee Extensor Muscle (Actions) Lateral (external) thigh rotator Sartorius m.

Thigh Adductor Muscle (Actions) Adductor magnus m. Adductor longus m. Adductor brevis m. Pectineus m. Gracilis m. Gracilis Adductor magnus m. Adductor longus m. Adductor brevis m. Pectineus m. Medial Compartment Anterior view Adduction of thigh at the hip joint

Lateral Thigh and Hip Muscle (Actions) Tensor fascia latae m. Iliotibial tract Lateral view Anterior view Tensor fascia latae m. – Abducts the thigh at the hip Locks the knee (through IT tract)

Iliotibial tract Posterior view Gluteus maximus m. Extends thigh at hip joint Laterally rotates thigh at hip joint Gluteus medius m. Gluteus minimus m. (deep) Abducts thigh at hip joint medially rotates thigh Posterior Thigh Muscles (Actions)

Biceps femoris (long head) Semitendinosus m. Semimembranosus m. (Deep) Hamstring muscles: Semitendinosus m. Semimembranosus m. Biceps Femoris m. Extension of thigh at the hip joint Flexion at knee joint Semitendinosus m. Semimembranosus m. Biceps femoris (long head) Posterior Thigh Muscles (Actions)

Anterior Leg Muscles (Actions) Extensor digitorum longus m. Tibialis anterior m. Extensor hallucis longus m. Dorsiflexion, inversion, toe extension Tibialis anterior m. Extensor digitorum longus m. Extensor hallucis longus m. Lateral view Anterior view Anterior compartment - 3 muscles

Lateral Leg Muscles (Actions) Lateral compartment - 2 muscles Fibularis longus m. Fibularis brevis m. Lateral view Anterior view Fibularis longus m. Fibularis brevis m. (deep) Eversion and plantarflexion of the foot

Posterior Leg Muscles (Actions) Posterior compartment – 2 muscles Gastrocnemius m. (two heads) Soleus m. (deep) Calcaneal (Achilles) tendon SuperficialDeep Plantarflexion of foot (gastrocnemius, also knee flexion) Gastrocnemius m. Soleus m.

Posterior View Plantarflexion, inversion, toe flexion Flexor hallucis longus m. Tibialis posterior m. Deep Posterior Leg Muscle (Actions) Posterior compartment (deep muscle group) 3 muscles Flexor digitorum longus m. Tibialis posterior m. Flexor hallucis longus m. Flexor digitorum longus m.

Innervation of lower extremity Tibial N. (posterior compartment) Femoral N. (ant. thigh) Obturator N. (med. thigh; adductor m.) Common fibular nerve Sciatic N. (post. thigh) Common Fibular N. (anterior/lateral compartments) Anterior view (right) Posterior view (right)