THE HUMAN BODY

Recap last lesson…. Write down the names of the muscles on your sheet.

Answers…… 1)- Bicep 2)- Quadriceps 3)- Deltoid 4)- Trapezius 5)- Tricep, Pectorals and Abdminals

Muscles 2 Muscles and Movement What do they do?

Lesson Objectives… 1)Understand how muscles move. 2)Understand how muscles are attached to our bones and what can effect our tendons. 3)Understand the importance of synergists when moving.

When pairs of muscles work together it is called an antagonistic movement.  The working (contracting) muscle is called the prime mover/agonist muscle.  The relaxing muscle is called the antagonist. Which muscle is the prime mover in flexion of the elbow? Which muscle is the antagonist in flexion of the elbow? How do your muscles work??

Lesson objectives….. 1)= Understand how muscles move. You should now understand the role of primer movers (agonist) and antagonist muscles.

 The muscle is attached to the bones by strong cords or TENDONS.  The fibres of the tendon are embedded in the PERIOSTIUM of the bone. This means that the tendons don’t tear away easily. This means that the tendons don’t tear away easily. How is your muscle attached to your bone?

Skeletal muscles can only work by being attached across a joint.  When the muscle contracts one of the bones moves. For example: When the elbow is flexed, the biceps contract and it pulls the radius. Therefore the radius moves, but the scapula does not. Biceps contract Radius moves Humerus Scapula does not move Tendon Tendon pulled To flex the elbow

In order to differentiate between these 2 types of action, they have different names.  Origin: Where the muscles is attached to the stationary bone.  Insertion: Where the muscle is attached to the moving bone. Origin Insertion  Remember, when the muscle contracts the insertion moves towards the origin.

Tendons… The value of healthy and efficient muscles and tendons with associated problems and how to avoid them. Problems with tendons after extensive exercise…   Soreness   Strain   Overuse   Inflammation   Tendonitis

Tendons…. How do you look after your tendons… Read through the attached N.H.S leaflet…… Underline/highlight the key phrases to do with Symptoms, Causes, Treatment and Prevention.

Lesson objectives.. 2) = Understand how muscles are attached to our bones. You should now know how your tendon is attached. You should also know the types of injuries that occur from overuse and how to treat them.

The prime mover is helped by synergists  These are a network of muscles which contract at the same time as the prime mover.  They hold the body in position so that the prime mover can work smoothly.

Muscle Tone? Gravity tries to pull your head forward, but muscle tone allows you to hold it up. You couldn’t stand up straight without it!

…… a state of partial contraction within an otherwise relaxed muscle Muscle Tone is …….. (antagonist) It is partial contraction of muscle fibres in the trapezius which keeps your head upright.

Why is muscle tone important?  Prime movers need to be controlled so that they do not damage the antagonist muscle. Reduces the chance of injury!  It promotes good posture.  It keeps the body ready for instant action

Lesson objectives….. 3) = Understand the importance of synergists when moving. You should know how the synergist assists the prime mover and how muscle tone assist movement.

Homework…  Complete the online quiz.  Answer the essay question online.  You will not have your folder. This means you will have to research your answers! NOT COPY AND PASTE.  To be completed by Friday 10 th Dec.