THE HUMAN BODY UNIT 3

bones short Long Flat ribs muscles Voluntary biceps/triceps Involuntary joints Fixed Semi-flexible vertebrae Flexible elbow THE LOCOMOTOR SYSTEM They protect internal organs and support the body. They move bones when they contract and relax. They join bones together and help make the skeleton flexible.

BONES Short: provide support and stability. In our backs, hands and feet. Flat: protect our internal organs. Our ribs. Long: are used for movement. In our arms and legs. JOINTS Fixed: do not move. Semi-flexible : allow a little movement. Flexible: allow a lot of movement. MUSCLES Voluntary: are controlled by our brain. Involuntary: move automatically.

BONES Short: provide support and stability. In our backs, hands and feet. Flat: protect our internal organs. Our ribs. Long: are used for movement. In our arms and legs. maxilla mandible The skeleton patella The skeleton is made up of all the bones and cartilage in our body. Bones are made of hard bone tissue. Cartilage is made of a more flexible tissue.

Joints Our bones are connected at joints. Flexible cartilage protects the end of these bones. Strong elastic bands of tissue called ligaments connect bones at a joint. JOINTS Fixed: do not move. Semi-flexible : allow a little movement. Flexible: allow a lot of movement. A fracture is a broken bone. A sprain is when we tear a ligament. A dislocation is when a bone is moved from its normal position in a joint.

intercostals Muscles There are over six hundred muscles in the human body. Muscles help to: Give our bodies shape. Move. Protect our internal organs. Muscles are made up of muscle fibres and the muscles in our body respond to the nervous system by contracting and relaxing Tendons tissues which connect muscles to bones. The musculoskeletal system is made up of bones, ligaments, muscles and tendons. Voluntary: are controlled by our brain. Involuntary: move automatically.

The nervous system The nervous system receives and responds to information from the five sense organs. It controls the working of the internal organs and body systems, such as the circulatory and respiratory systems. It produces reflex actions that protect our bodies from danger. centralnervoussystemcentralnervoussystem 1.- BRAIN The control centre Cerebrum: the biggest part and controls voluntary movements. Cerebellum: controls balancem movement and coordination. Brain stem: connects the brain to the spinal cord and controls involuntary movements. 2.- SPINAL CORD: is made up of nerve tissue and runs from our brain down our spine. It controls reflex actions. Peripheral nervous system Our nerves are made up of nerve cells called neurons. They are connected by tiny branches.

The nervous system and the senses Our sense organs detect information from the environment and neurons transmit this information to our brain.