WESTWARD EXPANSION Go West Young Man!!

United States – 1800

Louisiana Purchase President Jefferson wants control of New Orleans French need funds for their war against the British French sell Louisiana for about $15 million.

United States – 1810

Convention of 1818 Britain and United States establish the northern border at the 49 th parallel. The border extends west, to the Rocky Mountains. Both countries agree to occupy Oregon Country

Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819 John Quincy Adams and Louis de Onis Main Points –Renounced any U.S. claim of Texas –Established the border of the Louisiana purchase –Gave U.S. control of Florida

United States – 1820

Missouri Compromise Sectionalism: loyalty to the interests of a region or section of the country Missouri and Maine want to be a state Free or slave? Henry Clay: “The Great Compromiser” –Missouri slave –Maine Free –36 30’ Parallel

Missouri Compromise

United States – 1830

Oregon Trail/California Trail

Mormon Trail

Santa Fe Trail

Manifest Destiny Mormon Trail, Santa Fe Trail and Oregon Trail (pg. 421) Tensions grow between Texas and Mexico over disputed land Texas revolts against Mexico The Alamo and Victory at San Jacinto The Republic of Texas…..short lived

The Republic of Texas Lone Star Republic Sam Houston elected President of Texas Texas government asks the U.S. to annex Texas Fearing another slave state, Congress votes against annexation

Annexation of Texas President James K. Polk intends to acquire Texas as a state. Dec. 28, 1845 Texas Congress approves the annexation Mexico is angered because they view Texas as a “stolen province.”

United States – 1840

Treaty of Oregon – 1846 In order to avoid war, Great Britain and United States agree to extend the 49 th parallel to the ocean. United States acquires Oregon Country with the new U.S.-Canada border established. Oregon becomes a territory in Aug. 1848

Mexican-American War Mexico cuts off ties with the United States, angered by the annexation of Texas. Mexico disputes that the border for Texas is not the Rio Grande, but the Nueces River Polk sends troops to camp along Rio Grande Supposedly, Mexican troops attack and kill a group of U.S. soldiers, beginning the war.

The War General Stephen Kearny takes New Mexico without firing a shot He then takes California with the help of American settlers in Northern California “The Bear Flag Revolt” General Winfield Scott takes Mexico City on September of 1847

Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo U.S. wins the war and Mexico gives up the Mexican Cession Area included present-day California, Nevada, Utah, and parts of Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado and Wyoming. America promises to protect the 80,000 Mexicans living in Texas

United States – 1850

California Grows 1849 sparked a huge population jump in California Immigrants move westward for new opportunity With more people, California applied to become a state California wanted to be a free state Southerners wanted to split the state into half slave and half free

Sutter's Mill

The Compromise of 1850 Henry Clay comes up with a plan yet again –California would be a free state and the slave trade would be abolished in Washington D.C. –Congress would not pass any slave laws on the new territories from Mexico –Fugitive Slave Act: fugitives could be arrested without a warrant, no trial was given and anyone helping a runaway would be penalized

The New Territories Utah and New Mexico Territories Due to the Compromise of 1850 Congress could make no laws regarding slavery in the new territories Popular Sovereignty: the residents of the new territories were allowed to vote on slavery

Compromise of 1850

Gadsden Purchase – 1853 James Gadsden negotiates with Mexico for southern parts of Arizona and New Mexico. U.S. pays $10 million to Mexico Southern continental boundary finally set with Mexico.

Kansas-Nebraska Act The Nebraska Territory was split into two territories: Kansas and Nebraska Stephen Douglas of Illinois instituted popular sovereignty in the two territories to gain support from the South The bill passed and started a rush to the new territories

Bleeding Kansas Missouri residents illegally vote in the Kansas vote for slavery Antislavery residents protest A proslavery mob of citizens attacks Lawrence, Kansas: Sack of Lawrence John Brown leads antislavery leaders and kills five proslavery neighbors: Potawatomie Creek Massacre Civil unrest and fighting for three years

Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854

United States – 1860