Authentic Assessment With your research, you will create a short Power Point presentation to relay your information to the President.

Authentic Assessment 1.Establish a trend between the 19 th Century Policies Open Door Policy Big Stick diplomacy Dollar Diplomacy Moral Diplomacy 2.Establish a trend between the 20 th Century polices(WWII)

19 th Century Policies 3

“We assert that no nation can long endure half republic and half empire, and we warn the American people that imperialism abroad will lead quickly and inevitably to despotism at home” -Democratic National Platform (1900)

5 United States Foreign Policy US Imperialism: Arguments for Expansion Expand business interests- US economy boomed. Companies built overseas factories. Need new markets to prevent financial panics. Military interests– International competition for colonies would leave America behind funding approved for 3 battleships (US becomes 2 ocean navy). International navy needs coaling ports. Social Darwinism- US must expand to survive. Whites are superior race. Must spread superiority Spread Christianity- All nations should be Christian. Bring values to “backward” people American Frontier Closed - US pioneer spirit looks towards foreign interests. Expand or explode

The Open Door Policy Should one country have the right to dictate the actions of another country?

Background In the 1890s the Chinese Empire is on the decline Foreign powers were lured by China’s rich resources and huge market “Spheres of Influence” By late 19th century, Japan and western European powers (Russia, Britain, Germany, and France) had carved much of China into separate spheres of influence.

Spheres of Influence Within each sphere, a nation claimed special rights and held economic dominance. In some cases, the foreign powers also demanded land for military bases. Within each sphere, a nation claimed special rights and held economic dominance. In some cases, the foreign powers also demanded land for military bases.

U.S Intervention  The United States began to fear that China would be carved out into colonies and American traders would be shut out.

Secretary of State John Hay To protect American interests, Secretary of State John Hay issued several foreign policy statements, which became known collectively as the Open Door Policy. (US was at a disadvantage geographically compared to Russia and Japan, and Americans feared they might get frozen out if they didn’t act quickly.)

The Open Door Policy – Policy has two aspects. (1) Ensure territorial integrity of China. (2) Ensure free trade in China for all countries. – Counter European and Japanese attempts at “spheres of influence”. Yangtze River Patrol - U.S. gunboats protect American commerce.

The Boxer Rebellion The Boxers are a violent, Ancient Chinese Society who were anti-foreign relations and rebelled against their government in the 1890’s. Many lost their lives and China lost hundreds of thousands of dollars from their attacks. In 1900, America stepped in to help gain control over the rebellious group. This gained the U.S. tremendous support towards putting the China Open Door Policy in place.

13 America in Asia: China and the Open Door Open Door Policy- China is a weak country in the 1890s. European powers had basically spit China into spheres of influence. (1899) Secretary of State John Hay urged European leaders respect Chinese rights and fair competition (this is the Open Door) Boxer Rebellion- (1900) Super-patriotic group of Chinese trained in martial arts murdered foreigners and Christians. A multinational force (including American soldiers) stopped the rebellion. Results- Gave all nations equal trading access in China. Guaranteed that China would not be taken over by a foreign power.

“The Big Stick” Policy Theodore Roosevelt (December 1904): – U.S. obligated “in flagrant cases of wrong-doing or impotence (in Latin America) to the exercise of an international police power.” Constant interventions by Navy and Marines: – Haiti, Nicaragua, and the Dominican Republic. – Cuba - Platt Amendment. – Vera Cruz, Mexico. “Yankee Imperialism” despised by many Latin Americans.

President Theodore Roosevelt and Rear Admiral Robley D. “Fighting Bob” Evans Prior to the sailing of the Great White Fleet

The Great White Fleet

Route of the Great White Fleet –

18 United States Foreign Policy Theodore Roosevelt’s Foreign Policy: Carry a Big Stick Roosevelt Corollary- Preventative intervention. US would intervene in Latin America to keep European powers out of the Western Hemisphere. Corollary Results- Used to justify all interventions. US Marines will be sent multiple times to Latin American countries. Latin American countries views this as American oppression. Roosevelt in Action- Roosevelt was not afraid to flex American muscle. Roosevelt acted as mediator in Russo-Japanese War (won Nobel Peace Prize in 1906). Sent the US Navy to protect the Panamanian revolt (1903). (1907) ordered the Great White Fleet on highly visible voyage around the world (show off American naval power).

19 United States Foreign Policy William H. Taft’s Foreign Policy: Dollar Diplomacy Background- Federal government encouraged Wall Street bankers and other major US corporations to invest in foreign countries that were of a strategic concern to the US. The dollar would replace Roosevelt’s big stick. Dollar Diplomacy in the Caribbean- Main area of US strategic importance. US pumped money into this area to keep other countries out and to uphold the Monroe Doctrine. Policy failed when civil distress broke out in Cuba, Honduras, and the Dominican Republic. President Taft had to send in the Marines to protect American investments.

20 United States Foreign Policy Woodrow Wilson’s Foreign Policy: Moral Diplomacy Background- Wilson hated Roosevelt’s big stick and Taft’s dollar diplomacy. Wilson believed that the US would be the world’s conscience. Goal of American foreign policy would be to spread democracy and promote peace. Wilson in Action- Sometimes spreading democracy required military action. Wilson sent the Marines to Haiti ( ) and the Dominican Republic ( ). (1916) Jones Act granted the Philippines territorial status and promised independence America’s Mexican Adventure- American companies invested billions of dollars in Mexican oil, railroads, and mines. (1913) Mexican people rebelled. (1914) Wilson sent the Navy to capture the port of Vera Cruz. (1916) Wilson ordered General Pershing to break up Pancho Villa’s group. (1917) US withdrawed because threat of war with Germany increased.