IR 6 Scoring, term weighting and the vector space model

Term frequency and weighting ● each term in a document a weight for that term, that depends on the number of occurrences of the term in the document. ● TERM FREQUENCY (tf t,d,) : to be equal to the number of occurrences of term t in document d. ● BAG OF WORDS (order is not considered)

Inverse document frequency ● Collection frequency )(cf): to be the total number of occurrences of a term in the collection. ● document frequency (dft), defined to be the number of documents in the collection that contain a term t. ● total number of documents in a collection by N, ● inverse document frequency (idf)

Tf-idf weighting ● tf-idft,d = tf t,d ×idf t ● term t a weight in document d. 1. highest when t occurs many times within a small number of documents 2. lower when the term occurs fewer times in a document, or occurs in many documents 3. lowest when the term occurs in virtually all documents.

DOCUMENT VECTOR ● view each document as a vector with one component corresponding to each term in the dictionary ● together with a weight for each component that is given by Tf-idf. ● For dictionary terms that do not occur in a document, this weight is zero.

● overlap score measure: the score of a document d is the sum, over all query terms, of the number of times each of the query terms occurs in d.

VECTOR SPACE MODEL ● From – scoring documents on a query – document classification – document clustering

COSINE SIMILARITY dot product Euclidean length Normalizing length

Queries as vectors ● Assign to each document d a score equal to the dot product.