Reporting Category 1: Matter and Energy 8.5A Know that matter is composed of atoms and has chemical and physical properties.

Reporting Category1: Matter and Energy 8.5 A – Describe: structure of atoms – including mass, electrical charge and location Protons Neutrons Electrons Subatomic Particle Approximate Atomic Mass (amu) Electrical Charge Location in Atom Proton1 amuPositive (+)Nucleus Neutron1 amuNeutral (0)Nucleus Electron amuNegative (-)Electron Cloud

Atomic # number Protons (+) Electrons (-) Mass # number (minus) Atomic # number = Neutron (0) ALWAYS SAME NUMBER

Reporting Category1: Matter and Energy 8.5 B Identify that protons determine an element’s identity Valence electrons determine its chemical properties, including reactivity Protons= determine an element’s identity; So this element’s identity is _________.

The electrons in the last shell or energy level of an atom. VALENCE ELECTRONS Valence electrons determine reactivity of an atom. Valence Electrons= determine an element’s chemical properties, including reactivity (how elements combine or break down into new products)

Reporting Category1: Matter and Energy 8.5 C Interpret arrangement of Periodic Table Groups Periods How properties are used to classify elements

Rows on the Periodic Table are called _______. Columns on the Periodic Table are called ________ or ________. Elements in the same Group/Family have similar properties because they have the same number of valence electrons!

Reporting Category1: Matter and Energy 8.5 D Recognize that chemical formulas are used to identify substances Determine the number of atoms of each element in a chemical formula containing subscripts

Chemical Formulas Chemical Formulas represent compounds as chemical symbols represent elements. Example: Water is a compound (2 or more elements chemically bonded.) Water’s chemical formula is H 2 O. Example: Helium is an element. Helium’s chemical symbol is He. Counting Atoms The subscript (little #) identifies how many atoms of that element are in each molecule If there is no subscript, there is just 1 atom of the element Subscripts get multiplied by the coefficient (big #) Example: 2Na 2 CO 3 a) number of sodium (Na) atoms =? b) number of carbon (C) atoms = ? c) number of oxygen (O) atoms = ?

Reporting Category1: Matter and Energy 8.5 E Investigate how evidence of chemical reactions indicate that new substances with different properties are formed Chemical Reaction A Chemical Reaction occurs when elements rearrange to form new substances. Example: It’s made of the same ingredients, but has changed into another substance.

Chemical Equation When a chemical reaction occurs, it can be described by an equation. This shows the chemicals that react (called the reactants) on the left-hand side, and the chemicals that they produce (called the products) on the right-hand side. Example: REACTANTS PRODUCT Fe + S FeS So in the above equation, the reactants are ____ and ____. The product is ______. 8.5.F recognize whether a chemical equation containing coefficients is balanced or not and how that relates to the law of conservation of mass

Law of Conservation of Mass The Law: Matter cannot be created or destroyed. What does this mean?? The mass of the reactants MUST EQUAL the mass of the products! Whatever atoms you start with, you have to have after the reaction. This is why equations must be balanced! Balanced Equation Reactants Products Si = 1 atom O = 2 atoms Balancing game: Are the following equations balanced or unbalanced? 1. Si + O 2 SiO H 2 0 H 2 + O Al + 3Cl 2 2AlCl 3

30 N 10 N A child was playing with a jack in the box. The lid pushed down on the spring with 10 N of force, while the spring pushed up on the lid with 30 N of force. What is the net force applied by the spring? In your notebook, calculate the net force and show all of your work.

30 N 10 N A child was playing with a jack in the box. The lid pushed down on the spring with 10 N of force, while the spring pushed up on the lid with 30 N of force. What is the net force applied by the spring? 30 N up - 10 N down= 20 N up

30 N50 N Two competitors are playing tug of war. What is the net force? Which direction will the rope move? In your notebook, calculate the net force and show all of your work. Tug of War Game

30 N50 N Two competitors are playing tug of war. What is the net force? Which direction will the rope move? 50 N to the right – 30 N to the left = 20 N to the right Tug of War Game

 The distance an object travels in a certain amount of time.  Average speed – Total distance divided by total time  Constant speed - Speed that does not change over time  On your paper, describe an example of an object at a constant speed.

Speed equals distance divided by time.S=dt

One side of a track is about 100 meters long. If it takes a person 20 seconds to run its length, how fast was the person running?  In your notebook, calculate this problem. Make sure you show all work!

One side of a track is about 100 meters long. If it takes a person 20 seconds to run its length, how fast was the person running?  Speed = Distance ÷ Time  Speed = 100 m ÷ 20 s  Speed = 5m/s

 An object’s speed and direction at a given time  The wind is blowing 65 km/hr from the North.  On your paper, describe an example of velocity.

 A change in the direction or velocity of an object over time – which may be:  A change in speed  Starting  Stopping  Speeding up (positive acceleration)  Slowing down (negative acceleration)  A change in direction  Acceleration is caused by unbalanced forces.  On your paper, describe an example of an object accelerating.

 “An object at rest, tends to stay at rest, and an object in motion, tends to stay in motion with the same speed and in the same direction, unless acted upon by an outside force.”  Objects resist change in motion.  The more mass an object has, the greater its inertia.

F = ma Net force on object = mass of object x acceleration Which vehicle will accelerate more quickly? Why?

 "For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction." Reaction Action

 All forces act in pairs.  When one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object exerts an equal and opposite force on the first object.  This is not a cause-effect relationship.  The forces occur simultaneously.

Reporting Category 3: Earth and Space 8.7 Know the effects resulting from cyclical movements of the Sun, Earth, and Moon.

Reporting Category 3: Earth and Space 8.7 A – Model and illustrate How the tilted Earth rotates on its axis – causing day and night Revolves around the Sun – causing changes in seasons

Reporting Category 3: Earth and Space

Reporting Category 3: Earth and Space 8.7B – demonstrate and predict Sequence of events in the lunar cycle

Reporting Category 3: Earth and Space 8.8 Know characteristics of the universe.

Reporting Category 3: Earth and Space 8.8 A– describe components of the universe: Stars Nebulae Galaxies Use models such as Hertzsprung-Russell diagram for classification

Hertzsprung – Russell Diagram

Reporting Category 3 (part 2): Earth and Space 8.9 Know that natural events can impact Earth systems.

Reporting Category 3: Earth and Space 8.9B – relate plate tectonics to the formation of crustal features

Reporting Category 3: Earth and Space 8.9C Interpret topographic maps and satellite views to identify land and erosional features Predict how these features may be reshaped by weathering

Reporting Category 4: Organism and Environments 8.11 Know that interdependence occurs among living systems and the environment and that human activities can affect these systems.

Reporting Category 4: Organism and Environments 8.11A Describe the relationships that occur in food webs.

Reporting Category 4: Organism and Environments 8.11A Describe the relationships that occur in food webs.

Reporting Category 4: Organism and Environments 8.11A Describe the relationships that occur in food webs.

Reporting Category 4: Organism and Environments 8.11A

Reporting Category 4: Organism and Environments

8.11 B Investigate how organisms and populations depend on and may compete for biotic and abiotic resources.

Which organisms in the food web shown above compete for the same food source?

8.11C Explore how short-and long-term environmental changes affect organisms and traits in subsequent populations.