The Constitutional Convention Howard Chandler Christy, Scene at the Signing of the Constitution of the United States (1940)
USHC 1.4 Analyze how dissatisfactions with the government under the Articles of Confederation were addressed with the writing of the Constitution of 1787, including the debates and compromises reached at the Philadelphia Convention and the ratification of the Constitution.
20 Elite Consensus: The Articles aren’t working. Photo by Nesster
Bad Economy Image by Beyond My KenBeyond My Ken
Rebellions
TRADE BARRIERS Photo by Eddy Van 3000
The Annapolis Convention 1786 Photo by Ken Lund
Let’s meet again. Photo by Ken Lund
Let’s meet again. Next year. Photo by Ken Lund
Let’s meet again. Next year. With more people. Photo by Ken Lund
The Philadelphia Convention 1787
LOL They have no idea. LOL
FROM SCRATCH Photo by Mike McCune
LARGE STATE State icons designed by Ted Grajeda from the Noun ProjectTed GrajedaNoun Project small state Slave State Free State
Statistics From the 1790 Census State Population Percentage of Total Regional P opulation Number of Slaves Percentage of Population New Hampshire141,8854%1580% Massachusetts378,78710%00% Connecticut237,9467%2,7591% Rhode Island68,8252%1520% NEW ENGLAND23%827,443 New Jersey184,1395%11,4236% New York340,1209%21,3246% Pennsylvania434,37312%3,7371% MIDDLE STATES958,632 NORTH OF MASON/DIXON 49%1,786,075Slaves (North)39,8536% Delaware59,0962%8,88715% Maryland319,7289%103,03632% Virginia747,61020%293,42739% North Carolina393,75111%100,57226% South Carolina249,0737%107,09443% Georgia82,5482%29,26435% SOUTHERN STATES 51%1,851,806Slaves (South)642,28094% TOTAL POPULATION3,637,881 SLAVE POPULATION 681,83315% Sources:
LEGISLATIVE BRANCH
new jersey plan VIRGINIA PLAN View Census Data JAMES MADISON BICAMERAL Legislature Based on POPULATION william paterson unicameral legislature one vote per state
How do we share? Photo by Vegan Feast CateringVegan Feast Catering
Hamilton’s Plan for a national government State Sovereignty
The convention heard Hamilton’s plan, but did not debate it.
“GREAT COMPROMISE” Roger Sherman (CT) View Census Data House of Representatives Lower House Senate Upper House Based on POPULATION Two Votes Per State Elected by Voters (DIRECT) Appointed by State Legislatures (INDIRECT)
QUESTION: Should slaves be counted for purposes of representation in the lower house of Congress? Consider the interests of your assigned state when answering. View Census Data
The “Three-Fifths” Compromise FOR THE SOUTHFOR THE NORTH For representation in Congress, slaves counted as 3/5 of a person. After 20 years, Congress has the power to regulate (or outlaw) the international slave trade.
The “Three-Fifths” Compromise FOR THE SOUTHFOR THE NORTH For representation in Congress, slaves counted as 3/5 of a person. After 20 years, Congress has the power to regulate (or outlaw) the international slave trade.
EXECUTIVE BRANCH
ELECTORAL
ELECTORAL COLLEGE Photo by Liz LawleyLiz Lawley Photo by Liz LawleyLiz Lawley
ELECTORAL COLLEGE Photo by Liz LawleyLiz Lawley Photo by Liz LawleyLiz Lawley
ELECTORAL COLLEGE Photo by Liz LawleyLiz Lawley Photo by Liz LawleyLiz Lawley
Photo by Tony Alter
The small states get a head start. Photo by greg westfallgreg westfall
2012 Presidential Election
Map Credit: KelvinsongKelvinsong 2012 Electoral Vote
JUDICIAL BRANCH
Photo by Martin Falbisoner Map by ZooFari
CONGRESS PROPOSES Photo by Andrew Higgins
THE STATES RATIFY OR REJECT
ArticlesConstitution A COMPARISON Sovereignty? Foreign Relations? Taxation? Commerce & Trade? Representation? To Legislate? To Amend? States Federal States 1 Vote Per State 2/3 UNANIMOUS SHARED Federal Federal & State Federal (Interstate) State (Intrastate) Proportional (House) Two Each (Senate) Concurrent Majority + President’s Signature 2/3 + 3/4