Egyptian Gods and Goddesses

Amun-Ra and Horus

Amun-Ra

Horus ► The pharaoh was considered a reincarnation of Horus

Anubis ► Anubis was the god of mummification and lead the dead through the under world

Osiris and Isis ► God and goddess of the underworld. Osiris judges the dead.

Sobek ► Sobek is the river god.

Thoth ► Thoth is the god of wisdom and the arts

Maat ► Symbol of universal harmony and justice

Tawaret Goddess of Child Birth

Shakmet ► The goddess of destruction and the protector of the pharaohs in the underworld.

Set ► God of evil, infertility, and desolation. Set is often portrayed as the God of the desert.

Aten ► Akhetaten will make Aten Egypt’s only god. For a short time, Egypt will be monotheistic. Aten is the “sun disk.”

The Scarab ► The scarab is scared because it represents the rising sun. The scarab is a dung beetle and Egyptians believed that scarabs pushed the sun across the sky.

The Book of the Dead

► First, the soul appears in front of 14 judges that read off the person deeds in life. ► Next, Anubis leads the soul to a set of scales that will determine if the person was good or not  The heart of the dead person is weighed against one feather of the Maat ► If the person was good then the feather will weigh less. If the person was bad then the feather will weigh more (good bie)  If the feather weighs more then Ammit, the monster of damnation, will eat the heart and the person is sent to oblivion

Book of the Dead ► Thoth writes down the outcome of the weighing ► Horus will then lead the good to the throne of Osiris  Horus holds the Ankh, the sign of immortality ► After meeting with Osiris, the soul is welcomed into the underworld

The Book of the Dead

Mummies

How were mummies made ► 1). The body was washed ► 2). A slit was cut into the left side of the body so that the organs can be removed.  The lungs, liver, stomach, and intestines and put into Canopic Jars

Mummies Cont’d ► 3). The body is filled with Natron, a type of salt, and allowed to drain ► 4). the brain is removed ► 5). The body is covered in natron and placed on a slanted table. This table allows fluids inside the body to drain. ► 6). After 40 days, the body is dried, shrunken, rubbed with preservatives, and wrapped in bandages

What was Mummified ► Important people: pharaohs and priests  Pharaohs were often given lavish death masks  Animals were often mummified as long as those animals were represented as gods