English for OT Session 2 Presented by: Dorsa Hamedi

10/2/2013 2

Ana  Anaesthesia anaesthesia means ‘loss of sensation’. Medications that cause anesthesia are called anaesthetics. Anaesthetics are used during tests and surgical procedures to prevent pain and discomfort. Local anaesthetic and general anaesthetic are two commonly used types of anaesthetic. 10/2/2013 3

 Anatomy anatomy is the identification and description of the structures of living things. Anatomy is a branch of biology and medicine which can be divided into three broad areas. anatomical kinesiology is the study of human anatomy in relation to health and wellness 10/2/2013 4

Ante  Anterior The anterior superior iliac spine (abbreviated: ASIS) is a bony projection of the iliac bone and an important landmark of surface anatomy. 10/2/2013 5

Anti  antimicrobial  EasyGlide™ Antimicrobial Therapy Putty is a very effective type of therapy putty that keeps itself clean.  Antideformity  Splinting the hand in an anti-deformity position is mandatory in the management of acute hand burns. 10/2/2013 6

Bi  Biceps  Biceps tendonitis occurs in the long head of the biceps tendon as it runs on the anterior aspect of the humerus between the attachments of the supraspinatus (greater tuberosity) and subscapularis (lesser tuberosity) 10/2/2013 7

cata  cataract  A cataract is a clouding of the lens inside the eye which leads to a decrease in vision. It is the most common cause of blindness and is conventionally treated with surgery  the predominant clinical features seen in the catatonic subtype of schizophrenia involve disturbances in a person’s movement 10/2/2013 8

Recognize the Organization of Ideas 10/2/2013 9

Organization of Ideas How is the information in the passage organized? How to identify the question How is the information in the second paragraph related to the information in the first paragraph? 10/2/

Organization of Ideas The answer to this type of question can generally be determined by looking at the first sentence of appropriate paragraphs Where to find the answer? 10/2/

Organization of Ideas Read the first line of each paragraph How to answer the question Look for words that show the relationship between the paragraphs Choose the best answer that best expresses the relationship 10/2/

passage 10/2/

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 A withdrawal reflex is an involuntary process that causes a part of the body to automatically pull away from something that is causing pain. Also called a flexion reflex, it is a three-stage process that involves nerves sending a message to the spinal cord to tell the muscles in that part of the body to flex and pull away from the source of the pain. The primary purpose of this involuntary reaction is to help prevent or minimize injury. 10/2/

 Reliable and valid tools must be used to assess spasticity in clinical practice and research settings. There is a paucity of literature regarding the validity of the Modified Modified Ashworth Scale (MMAS) and the Modified Tardieu Scale (MTS). No study, to date, has been performed to compare the validity of the MMAS and the MTS. This neurophysiological study protocol will compare the validity of the MMAS and the MTS in the assessment of poststroke wrist flexor spasticity. 10/2/

 A stroke is a sudden interruption in the blood supply of the brain. Most strokes are caused by an abrupt blockage of arteries leading to the brain (ischemic stroke). Other strokes are caused by bleeding into brain tissue when a blood vessel bursts (hemorrhagic stroke). Because stroke occurs rapidly and requires immediate treatment, stroke is also called a brain attack. When the symptoms of a stroke last only a short time (less than an hour), this is called a transient ischemic attack (TIA) or mini-stroke. 10/2/

 Therapists are trained to provide advice and recommend exercises and treatments to keep you active and healthy. They are part of a team that can help you manage your condition 10/2/

Occupational therapy interventions focus on adapting the environment, modifying the task, teaching the skill, and educating the client/family in order to increase participation in and performance of daily activities, particularly those that are meaningful to the client. 10/2/

The role of the occupational therapist is to enable patients to regain competence, reengage in occupations and redevelop a positive occupational identity. 10/2/

Biomechanical Frame of Reference is a bottom-up frame of reference, useful for understanding occupational performance capacity in more detail. It considers the anatomy and physiology and mechanics of human movement (kinesiology) focusing on musculoskeletal, neuromuscular and cardiorespiratory systems. Occupational therapy approaches that fit within this frame of reference include graded activities to improve movement strength, endurance, range of motion and sensation, work hardening, energy conservation, ergonomics, assistive devices, splinting and joint protection. 10/2/