✔ Capital of the counts of Barcelona ✔ The counts of Barcelona became increasingly independant from the King of France.

✔ These lands were ruled by different counts: Guifré I el Pilós ( ) He created the tradition of hereditary passage of titles. The king of France was loosing control over the counties. Borrell II ( ) He did not promise loyalty to the king of France because France did not help against the Moorish attacks to Barcelona Ramon Berenguer I He created a code: Usatges de Barcelona. It was a feudal law: All the nobles had to promise loyalty to him FEUDAL SYSTEM IMPOSED! ( )

✔ The title of count of Barcelona dissapears: Ramon Berenguer IV marries Petronila of Aragon (count of Barcelona) Barcelona and Aragon became united and the Crown of Aragon begins Ramon Berenguer IV becomes Prince of the Kingdom of Aragon ( )

✔ Jaume I el Conqueridor: ( ) He was king of Aragon He expanded the kingdom of Aragon into Valencia and the Balearic Islands

✔ Last invasion to England: NORMANS, from Northern France, invaded England

✔ William I the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, became King of England (1066) ✔ He imposed a FEUDAL SYSTEM in England: ● He brought all his nobles from France and gave them lands ● The Norman nobles had to pay him taxes and fight for him

✔ William I the Conqueror and his nobles built ________ all over to protect their lands CASTLES Tower of London Hedingham (Essex) Canterbury (Kent) Nottingham (Nots) Rochester (Kent) Scarborough (Yorkshire)

"Vous êtes des barbares" ("You barbarians") ✔ The Normans did not assimilate with the English ✔ All governing classes (Normans) spoke French, the peasants (Saxons) spoke English French words in nowadays English : chamber, close, desire, gentle, power...

Let's think of these medieval towns... Look at these buildings from Barcelona and London. Can you recognize them? Which ones do you think that are medieval? Imagine the counts of Barcelona/kings of Aragon in Barcelona and the N orman kings and nobles in London Shakespeare Globe Theatre 1599 to 1614 Casa Milà- La Pedrera 1906 to 1911

✔ Cathedrals were essential in towns Sta Maria del Mar Barcelona Old St Paul's cathedral London ➢ It is located in the district of La Ribera ➢ It represents Catalan Gothic style ➢ It is known as the cathedral of the sailors ➢ The present building is London's fifth St Paul Cathedral ➢ The fourth one was built by the Normans after a fire destroyed the previous The Norman cathedral was also destroyed in a fire Present St Paul Cathedral

✔ Kings, lords and counts lived in _______ and ______ King Jaume I Count Borrell II King William the Conqueror castlespalaces Palau Reial Major Barcelona Tower of London London ➢ It is located in the Gothic quarter (Pl del rei) ➢ It was the house of the counts of Barcelona during the Middle Ages ➢ William the Conqueror built the Tower to control London ➢ It served as royal residence, prison and symbol of royal authority

What was the most important activity in Medieval towns? Look at these names of Medieval streets... Threadneedle street Bread street Milk street It was the tailor's district It had bakeries It had cows for milking Carrer Espaseria Carrer Esparteria Carrer Vidreria It was where the swords where made It was where artisans of esparto grass worked It was where artisans of glass worked The most important activity in Medieval towns was the commerce

✔ The merchant class grew in Medieval towns with the importance of trade ✔ Important commercial ports grew during the Middle Ages (ships could unload cargo) LONDON BARCELO NA

✔ Towns grew so big that they had to build new _______ and the number of ________ was increased walls gates Can you recognize the city walls? Look at the structure of the streets... Which part is medieval and which is not? Roman wall 1 st and 4 th centuries Jaume I wall 13 th century Twisting streetsGrid of streets Sta Anna gate Pere III el Cerimoniós wall 14 th century

✔ In 1176 the first stone London Bridge was built ✔ The number of gates was increased New Medieval gate ✔ The walls were also strengthened and built upon.