VA and US History Major Leaders of WWII Lecture Notes: Unit 7 Lesson 4 Standard VUS.12a

To Do: Text Hunt Interpretation TSWBAT Notes Der Fuhrer’s Face Big Question Multiple Choice Question Analysis

Activity – Text Hunt Find all of the following for the men pictured:  Nationality  Title and/or Rank  Ism to which they belonged  What they did during the war  What they did after the war

TSWBAT Name all of the major leaders of WWII Explain their role in the war and tell the story of their end

The Americans

Franklin Roosevelt President during the Great Depression and most of World War II Elected to four consecutive terms (Democrat) Many of his policies were followed until Reagan

Harry Truman Became President when FDR died (45-53) Ordered the Atomic bombs to be dropped on Japan Negotiated “peace” with Stalin Declared war on Communists in North Korea

George Marshall Was Chief of Staff having overall command of the US Army during and before World War II. Served as the U.S. Army Chief of Staff and as the chief military adviser to President Franklin D. Roosevelt.

The Marshall Plan Europe lay in ruins, and the United States launched the Marshall Plan which:  provided massive financial aid to rebuild European economies  and prevent the spread of communism.

The Marshall Plan Continued Started in 1947 and ended in 1951 During that period some $13 billion (100 billion in 2005 money) of economic and technical assistance was given to help the recovery of the European countries which had joined in the Organization for European Economic Cooperation. Much of the aid money actually went to U.S. businesses who were contracted to rebuild Europe.

Dwight Eisenhower Entered the war as an assistant to MacArthur and Patton. Excelled during the North Africa Campaign Chosen by Roosevelt to be the Supreme Allied Commander in the European Theater.

Dwight Eisenhower 2 34 th president of the United States (Republican) Much of the interstate highway system was built during his term “Ended” the Korean war Used the CIA to ouster a democratic regime in Iran and Guatemala

General Douglas MacArthur Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers (SCAP). Oversaw the reconstruction in Japan. The U.S. led the reconstruction effort and MacArthur was effectively the dictator of Japan from 1945 to In 1946, MacArthur's staff created the constitution that is in use in Japan to this day.

The British

Neville Chamberlain Prime Minister of Britain from 1937 to 1940 Most famous as the man that appeased Hitler “I believe it is peace for our time. We thank you from the bottom of our hearts. And now I recommend you to go home and sleep quietly in your beds.”

Chamberlain declares war in 1939

Winston Churchill A British politician known chiefly for his leadership of the United Kingdom during World War II. He served as Prime Minister from 1940 to 1945 and again from 1951 to A noted statesman and orator, Churchill was also an officer in the British Army, historian, writer, and artist.

The Russians

Joseph Stalin Soviet Premier 1941 to 1953 (though he was really in power 1924 to 1953)  Collectivization  Secret Police  Gulags  Treaty with Hitler  Cold War

The Italians

Benito Mussolini Il Duce First Fascist Leader of the Black-shirts Gained complete and total power over Italy Promised more than he could deliver

"Those who are always right, always end up in Loreto Square".

The Germans

Hermann Göring Commander of the Luftwaffe (German Air Force). Second in command to Hitler until the air force began losing battles Committed suicide during trial

Heinrich Himmler Reichsführer or Chief of the German Police and Secret Police (Gestapo or SS) Overseer of the concentration camps, extermination camps, and task forces. Kept souvenirs…from the concentration camps Committed suicide when captured by the allies

Dr. Joseph Goebbels German politician and Reich Minister of Propaganda in Nazi Germany from 1933 to Controlled all media in Nazi Germany Given control of Germany before Hitler committed suicide, rather than take control, he killed himself and his entire family so he could join Hitler in the afterlife.

Adolf Hitler – The Fuehrer Leader of the Nazi party 1921 to 1945 Leader of Germany 1933 to 1945 An Austrian who promoted German Nationalism Said Aryans were the master race though he wasn’t one himself. Was a teetotaler and a vegetarian, though he was probably addicted to amphetamines

The End of Hitler? April 30, suicide by gunshot and cyanide poisoning. Eva Braun, who he married earlier that day, also shot herself. His body was taken by the Russian forces that were invading Berlin.

An End to the Third Reich A week later, Hitler’s government surrendered unconditionally to the Allied powers. He was only 988 years short of fulfilling his “Thousand Year Reich”

The Japanese

Emperor Hirohito Symbolic ruler of Japan Said to have been a descendent of the Shinto Gods Pushed for the surrender of Japan after the atomic bombs were dropped Became a constitutional monarch after the war.

Hideki Tojo General in the Imperial Japanese Army Ultranationalist thinker Prime Minister of Japan for much of World War II Executed for war crimes after the war

Questions: Who were the major leaders of World War II?

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Multiple Choice Question Analysis