Do Now: A. What was the social class system in 17 th century Latin America? B. Why was Latin America economically beneficial? AIM: HOW DID LATIN AMERICANS STRUGGLE FOR CHANGE IN THE EARLY 1900S? Unit Question: How did nationalism and the desire for change shape world events in the early 1900s?

MEXICAN REVOLUTION (1910) A. Porfirio Diaz Faced with rebellion Resigned after holding power about 30 yrs. B. Francisco Madero liberal reformer Democratically elected in 1911 C. Victoriano Huerta General who killed Madero & setup a dictatorship D. Pancho Villa & Emiliano Zappata formed an uneasy coalition against Huerta to improve peasants lives. E. Venustiano Carranza turned on Villa & Zappata & became president of Mexico (1917). New constitution passed, but reformed were slow to occur.

 Constitution of 1917 : strengthened government control over the economy Land : permitted breakup of large estates; nationalization- government takes over natural resources; restrictions on foreigners owning land Labor : set minimum wage & protected worker’s right to strike Religion : Church land was “property of the nation”  Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) 1929 : helped all social classes; suppressed opposition and dissent = stability for Mexico until 2000.

 Redistributed land among the peasants  Helped some Indian communities regain their land  Schools & libraries opened  Dedicated teachers worked for low pay  Government supported labor unions  Fought the issue of illiteracy (ability to read & write)  *nationalized (state ownership) oil industry  Formerly owned by Britain & American PRESIDENT LAZARO CARDENAS= NATIONALISM

 Economic: developed their own industries, but unequal wealth distribution held Mexico back  Political: liberalism with limited government vs. strong authoritarian government  Cultural Nationalism: pride in one’s own culture was reflected in murals  Ex: Diego Rivera  Good Neighbor Policy: U.S pledged to lessen interference in the affairs of Latin American nations NATIONALISM IN LATIN AMERICA

Mexican Murals

 Create an introduction for nationalism/human rights violation/revolution (use regents example) ----OR  Create a mural showing cultural nationalism in Mexico CLASS ACTIVITY

Do Now: Review – How did nationalism influence the country of Mexico? AIM: HOW DID NATIONALISM CONTRIBUTE TO CHANGES IN AFRICA AND THE MIDDLE EAST FOLLOWING WORLD WAR I?

 Describe the effects of Imperialism on the following parts of the world leading up to WWI:  Africa  Middle East  AFRICA: During the 1920s and 1930s, a new generation of leaders, proud of their unique heritage, struggled to stop imperialism and restore Africa for Africans.  MIDDLE EAST: Nationalism movements brought immense changes to the Middle East in the aftermath of World War I. The defeated Ottoman Empire was near collapse in Its Arab lands, as you know, were divided between Britain and France. However, in Asia Minor, Turks resisted Western control and fought to build a modern state.  MIDDLE EAST: Oil became a major factor throughout the Middle East during this period. The use of gasoline-powered engines in various vehicles during WWI showed that oil was the fuel of the future. Foreign companies began to move into the Middle East to exploit its large oil reserves. PRE-WORLD WAR I

 Apartheid – a policy of rigid segregation AFRICANS RESIST COLONIAL RULE

 Pan-Africanism: emphasized the unity of Africans and people of African descent worldwide  Negritude movement: writers expressed pride in their African roots and protested colonial rule. NATIONALISM AND AN “AFRICA FOR AFRICANS”

 Asia Minor: the Turkish peninsula between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea  Ataturk’s Reforms in Turkey:  Replaced Islamic law with European model  Replaced Muslim calendar with Western (Christian calendar)  Moved day of rest from Friday to Sunday  Closed religious schools and opened state schools  Forced people to wear Western-style clothes  Replaced Arabic alphabet with Latin alphabet  Gave women the right to vote and to work outside the home FATHER OF MODERN TURKEY

 Pan-Arabism: nationalist movement that was built on the shared heritage of Arabs who lived in lands from the Arabian peninsula to North Africa.  Balfour Declaration: (1917) the British advocate setting up a “national home for the Jewish people” in Palestine ARAB NATIONALISM IN THE MIDDLE EAST

Do Now: Describe European Imperialism in India. AIM: HOW DID GANDHI AND THE CONGRESS PARTY WORK FOR INDEPENDENCE FOR INDIA?

AMRITSAR MASSACRE APRIL 1919  British General Dyer ordered 50 soldiers to fire on 1,000’s people in India who were holding a public meeting

Gandhi becomes leader of Indian National Congress (1920)

Ahimsa: non-violence & respect for all life

SPINNING WHEEL

THE SALT MARCH  What did the Salt March symbolize?

GANDHI (1982) OSCAR WINNING MOVIE

 Gandhi and the Global Regents  January 2015 DBQ Global Regents Questions  geography/115/glhg12015-examw.pdf geography/115/glhg12015-examw.pdf EXIT

Do Now: Review: Describe the Imperialism of China in the late 1800s. AIM: HOW DID CHINA COPE WITH INTERNAL DIVISION AND FOREIGN INVASION IN THE EARLY 1900S? **TWO homework’s up on Engrade – one from before break, one for tonight. PLEASE do both. You only have 4 assignments left this school year.

 China’s Qing dynasty collapses in  New President: Sun Yixian – hoped to rebuild China through Nationalism, democracy and economic security for everyone.  Problems:  1. Warlord Problem – Yuan Shikai takes over, at death, China plunges into disorder  2. Foreign Imperialism – increased influence over Chinese affairs  Twenty One Demands – a list of demands that sought to make China a Japanese protectorate  Here comes Marxism! Vanguard – elite leaders trained by Soviets  Struggle for a New China  Civil War:  1921 – Sun Yixian and his Guomindang (Nationalist Party) establish government in South China.  Strongest when led by Jiang Jieshi  Mao Zedong and the Communists – forget the working class, we want support of the huge peasant population!  The Long March –  Mao’s forces use guerilla warfare and win. Communists set up new base CHINA

 While Jiang was pursuing the Communists across China, Japan invades Manchuria in  Causes brief unity between Nationalists and Communists  December – “rape of Nanjing”  Japanese call is the Manchurian Incident CHINA AND JAPAN

 Hirohito – reigned from  Under reign, Japan experienced remarkable successes and appalling tragedies  1920s-1930s – under pressures of extreme nationalism and economic upheaval, Japan is set on militaristic and expansionist path JAPAN

Directions: 1.Independently read. 2.Answer questions on chart paper as small group. 3.Discuss, review. DOCUMENT FUN!

NATIONALISM AROUND THE WORLD – TEST REVIEW