Bell Ringer 03/22/16 ▪ Why did the United States declare war on Japan in 1941? ▪ Why did the United States have a war with Afghanistan in 2001?

World War I: The Great War,

Main Causes of WWI - MAIN Militarism Alliances Imperialism Nationalism

Militarism – Build-up of military forces

Arms Race in Europe ▪ Germany competed with Great Britain to build battleships ▪ Also competing with Russia and France to expand their armies

Alliance System Triple Alliance ▪ Germany ▪ Austria- Hungary ▪ Italy

Alliance System Triple Entente ▪ Russia ▪ France ▪ Great Britain

Alliance System System was supposed to create global security and a balance of power Instead it drew the entire world into war.

Imperialism ▪ Germany wanted colonies to compete with French, British, and US colonies.

Nationalism ▪ Increased imperialism and militarism led to greater national pride for Europe and America. ▪ Smaller nations, such as Serbia, also found national pride. ▪ Led to independence movements against large European nations, like Austria-Hungary

War Breaks Out in Europe Archduke Ferdinand murdered by Serb nationalist Jun 28, 1914 Austria- Hungary declares war on Serbia Jul 28, 1914 Russia declares war on Austria- Hungary Aug 1, 1914

War Breaks Out in Europe Germany declares war on Russia and France Aug 3, 1914 Great Britain declares war on Germany and Austria Hungary Aug

Europe Picks Teams Germany Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire Russia France Great Britain Central PowersAllied Powers

Germany attacks Belgium, Aug.4, 1911 ▪ Known as the Schlieffen Plan ▪ Attack France and win quickly ▪ Attack Russia after France ▪ Fails because France stops German attack

Trench Warfare Germans and French dig 475 miles of trench on the Western Front

WWI: The First Modern War

After watching the video, which WWI tech do you think had the most dramatic effect on the war?

US Remains Neutral ▪ US had always stayed out of European problems ▪ Known as isolationism

Leaning towards Allied Powers ▪ US had always been close with France and GB ▪ US had strong financial ties to Allied Powers – In 1917, Britain bought $75 million in war supplies each week.

“Unrestricted Submarine Warfare” ▪ In 1915, Germany announced it would destroy all enemy ships around Great Britain. ▪ Increased tension between Germany and US

Heading toward War ▪ In 1915, the Lusitania was sunk by a German Uboat ▪ 1200 passengers are killed, including 128 Americans ▪ In 1916, German Uboats attack the Sussex, injuring many Americans.

Sussex Pledge ▪ Germany agrees to not sink merchant vessels “without warning and without saving human lives” ▪ Germany is afraid America will enter the war

Zimmerman Note ▪ Sent by German Foreign Minister Zimmerman to Mexico. ▪ Wanted Mexico to declare war on US to keep them out of Europe

Wilson Asks for War

US Declares War on Germany ▪ Unrestricted Submarine Warfare and Zimmerman Note push US into war. ▪ Congress passes Selective Service Act in 1917 to raise an army to send to Europe – known as a draft. ▪ Swells army to more than 3 million men. ▪ Over 3,000 young men in Hart County will sign up for the draft.

American Expeditionary Force ▪ US troops organized into the AEF; Known as “Doughboys” ▪ Led by General “Blackjack” Pershing ▪ Arrive in France in 1917 ▪ Help to halt German advances in 1918

America in the War

War on the Home Front ▪ WWI required total mobilization of society – Women enter workforce ▪ US government takes control of the entire economy; establishes 5000 agencies to do this ▪ Espionage and Sedition Acts allows government to jail anyone against the war effort – 6300 Germans are interned during war

War Ends November 11, 1918 ▪ Major powers meet at Versailles near Paris ▪ Wilson’s “14 points” as a basis for peace – Freedom – Self-determination of peoples – Freedom of the seas – International organization to preserve peace (League of Nations)

Treaty of Versailles, 1919 ▪ Made Germany pay $28 billion dollars to Allied nations as compensation for war damages; Reparations ▪ Wilson’s League of Nations is included ▪ US Senate, led by Henry Cabot Lodge, refuses to ratify the Treaty of Versailles. ▪ Too harsh on Germany and prevented American Isolationism

Impact of World War I ▪ 325,000 Americans dead; 14 million total ▪ Communist take control in Russia ▪ United States emerges as major world economic power (Europe a mess) ▪ Women gain increased role in society; 19 th Amendment ▪ Reparations will be a major cause of WWII