INTRODUCTION: GAS DYNAMICS & PROPULSION P M V Subbarao Professor Mechanical Engineering Department A Passion of Doing Adventures lead to a Hi-Fi Science and Technology!!!

The Shocking News : 9 th December 1903 The New York Times wrote that maybe 1 million to 10 million years they might be able to make a plane that would fly ?!?!?! People had dreamed of flying for many years. The United States Army was trying to develop an airplane in 1903, but the plane wouldn't fly. Only eight days later two men were successful in flying the first manned plane. Controlled, powered flight had seemed impossible until Orville Wright took off on the 17th December They were Wilbur Wright and his younger brother, Orville.

Reasons behind this Unreasonable News The first ever powered and controlled flights were carried out in lighter-than-air craft before either of the Wright brothers was even born. A Vital and Ultimate idea to fly was missing. The Wright brothers became the most famous people in the history of aviation for the first airplane flight in 1903.

History of Early Air Ships Sir Isaac Newton in the 18th century was the first to theorize that a rearward-channeled explosion could propel a machine forward at a great rate of speed. This theory was based on his third law of motion. As the hot air blasts backwards through the nozzle the plane moves forward. Henri Giffard built an airship which was powered by the first aircraft engine, a three-horse power steam engine. It was very heavy, too heavy to fly.

Giffard’s Air Ship

Performance of Griffard’s Airship The airship successfully flew on the 24th September 1852, launching from the Paris Hippodrome and flying 27km (17 miles) to Elancourt, near Trappes. The small engine was not very powerful and it could not overcome the prevailing winds to allow Giffard to make the return flight. The top speed of Giffard's airship was just six miles per hour. However, he did manage to turn the airship in slow circles, proving that in calm conditions controlled flight was possible.

Further unsuccessful Efforts In 1894, American Hiram Maxim tried to power his triple biplane with two coal fired steam engines. It only flew for a few seconds. The early steam engines were powered by heated coal and were generally much too heavy for flight. American Samuel Langley made a model airplanes that were powered by steam engines. In 1896, he was successful in flying an unmanned airplane with a steam-powered engine, called the Aerodrome. It flew about 1 mile before it ran out of steam. He then tried to build a full sized plane, the Aerodrome A, with a gas powered engine. Otto Daimler in the late 1800's, invented the first gasoline engine.

In 1903, it crashed immediately after being launched from a house boat. In 1903, the Wright Brothers flew, "The Flyer", with a 12 horse power gas powered engine. From 1903, the year of the Wright Brothers first flight, to the late 1930s the gas powered reciprocating internal- combustion engine with a propeller was the sole means used to propel aircraft. What is the secret beind the success of Wright Brothers.

Kate Carew Interviews the Wright Brothers “Are you manufacturing any racing machines?” “Not just now, but we intend to.” “How much can I buy one for?” “Seven thousand five hundred-dollars.” “Is that all? It doesn’t seem like an outside price for a perfectly good airship?” “Airship!” shouted the Wright brothers indignantly. “Is that the wrong word?” “An airship,” said Wilbur contemptuously, “is a big, clumsy balloon filled with gas.” “Well, I don’t see why your biplane shouldn’t be called an airship, too.”

A Ship Can’t Fly “It’s a flying machine,” said Wilbur. “The name we prefer is ‘flyer,’” said Orville. “An airship would cost $50,000,” said Wilbur. “More like $150,000,” said Orville, and they argued the question. This great Idea Turned into Mediocre Idea.

Propeller Aircraft

Propeller Engines

Incomplete Understanding Is this a true Flying Machine as per the concepts of Wright Bothers