Copyright © 2010, 2006, 2002 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Chapter 20 Health Risks Across the Life Span Marcia K. Cowan Monty Gross Lisa M. Kaiser Diane C. Hatton Cynthia Westley Kathleen Ryan Fletcher

Copyright © 2010, 2006, 2002 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 2 Introduction  This chapter emphasizes the history, health status, leading causes of death and disease, and health risks of these five distinct groups:  Children  Adolescents  Women  Men  Older adults

Copyright © 2010, 2006, 2002 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 3 Children’s Health: Major Health Problems  Obesity  Injuries and accidents  Abuse and neglect  Acute illness  Alterations in behavior  Tobacco use  Asthma

Copyright © 2010, 2006, 2002 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 4 Children’s Health: Major Health Problems (cont’d)  The following slides will address:  Nutrition  Immunizations  Environmental health hazards  Homeless families and children

Copyright © 2010, 2006, 2002 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 5 Children’s Health: Nutrition  Factors influencing nutrition  Nutritional assessment  Nutrition during infancy  Types of infant feeding  Nutrition during childhood  Adolescent nutritional needs

Copyright © 2010, 2006, 2002 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 6 Children’s Health: Immunizations  Routine immunization of children has been very successful in preventing selected diseases  Successful immunization programs combine low-cost or free immunizations provided at convenient times and locations  Repeatedly urging parents to obtain immunizations for their children is important

Copyright © 2010, 2006, 2002 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 7 Children’s Health: Environmental Health Hazards  Lead poisoning is the most common environmental health hazard  Pesticides  Poor air quality  Indoor air pollutants

Copyright © 2010, 2006, 2002 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 8 Children’s Health: Homeless Families and Children  Families make up the fastest-growing segment of the homeless population  25% to 40% of homeless are families  Often a single mother with two or three children  Homeless child syndrome: combination of the effects of homelessness on children resulting in health problems (poor nutrition), environmental dangers (environmental exposure, violence), and stress

Copyright © 2010, 2006, 2002 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 9 Adult Health  The following slides will discuss:  Women’s health  Men’s health  Women’s health concerns  Men’s health concerns  Shared health concerns

Copyright © 2010, 2006, 2002 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 10 Women’s Health  Women’s health: includes entire life span; involves health promotion, maintenance, and restoration; women’s health is related to the biological, social, and cultural dimensions of women’s lives  Women’s Health Movement was pivotal in bringing national recognition to women’s health issues  Birth control movement  1960s events  Supreme Court’s decision in Roe v. Wade  National Women’s Health Network

Copyright © 2010, 2006, 2002 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 11 Men’s Health  Men’s health: a holistic, comprehensive approach that addresses the physical, mental, emotional, social, and spiritual life experiences and health needs of men throughout their life span (Porche and Willis, 2004)  In general, men are reluctant to seek care and are not well connected to the health care system, which increases their risk and severity of illness

Copyright © 2010, 2006, 2002 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 12 Women’s Health: Women’s Health Concerns  Reproductive health  Menopause  Osteoporosis  Breast cancer  Female genital mutilation  Health disparities among special groups of women  Women of color  Incarcerated women  Lesbians  Women with disabilities  Older women

Copyright © 2010, 2006, 2002 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 13 Men’s Health Concerns  Prostate cancer  Testicular cancer

Copyright © 2010, 2006, 2002 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 14 Shared Health Concerns  Mortality  Cardiovascular disease  Risk factors for CHD  Stroke  Diabetes mellitus  Mental health  Cancer  HIV, AIDS, STDs  Accidents and injuries  Weight control

Copyright © 2010, 2006, 2002 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 15 Older Adults’ Health  The population of Americans 65 years of age and older is steadily growing, accompanied by an increase in chronic conditions, greater demand for services, and strained health care budgets  Most older adults live in the community  Nurses address the chronic health concerns of older adults with a focus on maintaining or improving self- care and preventing complications to maintain the highest possible quality of life  Assessing the older adult incorporates physical, psychological, social, and spiritual domains

Copyright © 2010, 2006, 2002 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 16 Older Adults’ Health (cont’d)  Health of older adults  Demographics  Definitions related to health of older adults  Aging, ageism, gerontology, geriatrics, gerontological nursing  Multidimensional influences on aging  Chronic health concerns of older adults  Community resources