ACADEMIC ENGLISH English Language Teaching Unit Academic Style Organisation Critical Thinking Referencing

ACADEMIC WRITING LECTURES Rachel Abounouar Academic Style Organisation Critical Thinking Referencing

 I got into such a mess with secondary citation in one assignment I got an official warning! Got accused of plagiarism! I was mortified! Personal communication 4 October 2012

Referencing  What  When  Why  How  Throughout this lecture, unless otherwise stated, a version of the Harvard system is used.

Referencing conventions  IT CANNOT BE OVER-EMPHASISED THAT THERE MAY BE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE REFERENCING INSTRUCTIONS IN THIS MANUAL AND THOSE IN YOUR DEPARTMENTAL HANDBOOK. IN THIS CIRCUMSTANCE, THIS PUBLICATION IS MEANT TO BE USED AS A GENERAL GUIDELINE ONLY AND PRIORITY SHOULD BE GIVEN TO YOUR DEPARTMENTAL GUIDELINES.  Student Development, University of Leicester (2012)

When do you need to reference? 1. Copy text from another source 2. Discuss another person’s ideas in your own words 3. Write about your own opinions on a topic 4. Include a table or a diagram from another source 5. Write about something you know you’ve read somewhere but can’t remember where 6. Present the results of your own experiment or survey 7. Mention a fact which is common knowledge 8. Paraphrase the ideas from two different sources, linking them together with your own words

When do you need to reference? 1. Copy text from another source 2. Discuss another person’s ideas in your own words 3. Write about your own opinions on a topic 4. Include a table or a diagram from another source Reference required No reference required

When do you need to reference? 5. Write about something you know you’ve read somewhere but can’t remember where 6. Present the results of your own experiment or survey 7. Mention a fact which is common knowledge 8. Paraphrase the ideas from two different sources, linking them together with your own words Reference required No reference required

 /citing/index.html - Slide 23 /citing/index.html

Why do we reference?  You will gain marks by using the recommended form of citation.  White, R C A (2009) Writing Guide 1: Writing an Assessed Essay 7 th Edition Leicester: University of Leicester, The School of Law

Why do we reference?  Respecting the intellectual property of others is the central ethic of academic integrity in the university community  Professional development, University of Nottingham (2006)

Why do we reference? You should follow the referencing rules for three reasons: (a)it demonstrates a disciplined approach to your work (academic rigour) (b) it means you won't be accused of plagiarism because you have acknowledged your sources (c) your reader will be able to follow up on the citations that interest them University of Leicester School of Management (2012)

Why do we reference? Two golden rules  consistency  consideration for the reader Faculty of Law, University Oxford (2012)

How do we reference?

Footnote Faculty of Law, University of Oxford (2012)

Footnote Faculty of Law, University of Oxford (2012)

Author-date  Many writers have argued that research is inevitably a subjective exercise (Knights & Willmott 1989; Game 1991; Knights 1995).  Downing et al, (1995: p1) suggest that “we are surrounded by a variety of mass produced culture objects” perhaps the most important being television.  University of Leicester School of Management (2012)  University of Leicester Media Department (2012)

Questions

Answers  harvard harvard  vancouver/vancouver-referencing-system vancouver/vancouver-referencing-system

Where to get further help?

www2.le.ac.uk/students/studying/learnatleicester

Where to get further help?  Programme handbook  Assignment brief  Tutors 

References - what’s the error?  Monash University (2012) Demystifying Citing and Referencing Online Tutorial Accessed online 5 October  Student Development, University of Leicester (2012) The Harvard Referencing Manual Accessed online 4 October referencing referencing  Faculty of Law, University Oxford (2012) OSCALA Accessed online 28 October  University of Leicester School of Management (2012) MSc Accounting and Finance Programme Handbook 2012/2013  University of Leicester Media Department (2012) Media Handbook Leicester: University of Leicester, Media Department  University of Nottingham Professional Development (2006) Academic Integrity Tutorial Accessed online 17 September integrity/student/tutorial/academic-integrity/ integrity/student/tutorial/academic-integrity/  Pears, R. and G. Shields (2010) Cite Them Right 8 th Edition Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan  Dodds Pennock, C. and P. Cottrell (2008) University of Leicester School of Historical Studies Style Guide Leicester: University of Leicester

The In-Sessional Programme  Academic English Lecture Series  Style  Organisation  Critical Thinking  Referencing