© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Diversity Amid Globalization 6th Edition Chapter 3 Lecture North America Sandra Zupan University of Kentucky

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Describe North America’s major landforms and climate regions. Identify key environmental issues facing North Americans in the 21st century and describe how these relate to the region’s resource base and economic development. Explain the major ways in which people have modified the North American environment. Summarize the three most important periods of European settlement in North America. Identify major migration flows in North American history. Learning Objectives

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Explain the processes that shape contemporary urban and rural settlement patterns. List the five phases of immigration shaping North America and describe the recent importance of Hispanic and Asian immigration. Provide examples of how cultural globalization has shaped the region. Describe how the United States and Canada developed distinctive federal political systems and identify each nation’s current political challenges. Describe the role of key factors in explaining why economic activities are located where they are in North America. Learning Objectives (Continued)

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Postindustrial economy Acid rain Tar sands Renewable energy sources Megalopolis Migration Nonmetropolitan growth Urban decentralization Edge city Gentrification Cultural assimilation NAFTA Federalism Sectoral transformation Inequalities Outsoucing Key Concepts

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. North America –Region composed of two countries: Canada The United States –Highly mobile, industrialized, and urbanized –Widespread abundance and affluence –Colonization and Anglo dominance Setting the Boundaries

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. North America

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Diverse and Vulnerable Settings Physical Geography and Environmental Issues

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Hurricanes and Coastal Damages

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Region’s size, latitudinal range, and varied terrain contribute to diversity in climate and vegetation patterns. –Cooler continental interior: boreal forest –High latitudes: tundra –Drier continental climates: prairie Physical Diversity: Climate

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. North American Climates

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Soils, vegetation, and water –Agricultural transformations –Urban transformations Atmosphere –Acid rain –Air quality Resource consumption and conservation Physical Geography and Environmental Issues

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Human Modification: Environmental Issues

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. High water consumption rates Outdated municipal water-supply systems Depleted aquifers Periodic droughts Water pollution Fisheries and invasive species Managing Waters

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Urban heat islands –Built-up metropolitan areas –Warmer nighttime temperatures Acid rain –Caused by industrial pollution –Ecosystem damages Air pollution Altering the Atmosphere

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Environmental and political initiatives –Habitat preservation and restoration –Tougher air-quality standards –Cleanup of toxic waste sites –Sustainable agriculture –Dam removal Growing Environmental Awareness

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. U.S. Energy Consumption

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. North America’s Untapped Fossil Fuels

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Accelerated rates of human-influenced climate change –Sea level rise –Coastal erosion –Glacial retreat –Droughts –Wildfires –Hurricanes –Ecosystem redistribution Climate Change in North America

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Glaciers in Retreat

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Population and Settlement

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Uneven pattern of distribution Megalopolis Census data Modern Spatial and Demographic Patterns

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Urban Skylines

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. European settlement expansion –1st Stage (1600–1750) –2nd Stage (1750–1850) –3rd Stage (1850–1910) Population: Historic Patterns

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Westward migration African-American migration from the South Rural-to-urban migration Migration to the Sun Belt South Nonmetropolitan growth North Americans on the Move

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. The Decentralized Metropolis American city growth –Changing transportation technologies –Concentric zones –Urban decentralization

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Edge Cities Changes –Inner-city population loss and challenges –Gentrification –Long commutes Suburban Growth

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Repeating geometric patterns are a hallmark of rural North American landscapes. Settlement Geographies: Rural

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Globally dominant and diverse culture Close ties to Anglo roots Ethnic groups Cultural assimilation Cultural Coherence and Diversity

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Migration to the U.S.

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Dominant geographies U.S. Hispanic and Asian Populations

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Patterns of Ethnicity Regional scaleLocal scale

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. The dominance of Protestantism Patterns of North American Religion

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Cultural Diffusion: Two-way process –North America Other world regions Language Tourism Internet Media Forms of connectivity Globalization of Culture

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Globalized Consumption

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Geopolitical Issues NAFTA Challenges to Federalism Immigration

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. U.S. global expansion –Conflict and politics –Military presence Multinational political and military Agreements –NATO –OAS A Global Reach

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Patterns of Abundance and Wealth Economic and Social Development

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Sectoral transformation –Evolution from primary sector to quaternary sector –Spatial concentrations of these transformations Creating a Continental Economy

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Gulf Coast Petroleum Refining Silicon Valley Sectoral Shifts

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. The gap between rich and poor Access to education Gender gap Aging and health-care issues Enduring Social Issues

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. “Global cities” Global trade Global investment Outsourcing North America and the Global Economy