Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Ltd.Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Ltd. E-commerce Kenneth C. Laudon Carol Guercio Traver business. technology. society. seventh edition E-commerce: business. technology. society. Global Edition Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Ltd.

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Ltd.Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Ltd. Chapter 1: The Revolution Is Just Beginning Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 1-2 Chapter 1 Introduction to E-commerce

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Ltd.Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Ltd. Facebook: The New Face of E-Commerce? Class Discussion Do you use Facebook, and if so, how often? What has the experience been like? Have you purchased anything based on an advertisement on Facebook or by using a link provided by a friend? Are you concerned about the privacy of the information you have posted on Facebook? Slide 1-3

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Ltd.Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Ltd. E-commerce Trends Social networking continues to grow Social e-commerce platform emerges Online consumer sales return to growth Mobile computing begins to rival PC Explosive growth in online video viewing Continued privacy and security concerns Slide 1-4

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Ltd.Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Ltd. The First 30 Seconds First 16 years of e-commerce  Just the beginning  Rapid growth and change Technologies continue to evolve at exponential rates  Disruptive business change  New opportunities Slide 1-5

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Ltd.Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Ltd. What is E-commerce? Use of Internet and Web to transact business More formally:  Digitally enabled commercial transactions between and among organizations and individuals Slide 1-6

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Ltd.Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Ltd. E-commerce vs. E-business E-business:  Digital enablement of transactions and processes within a firm, involving information systems under firm’s control  Does not include commercial transactions involving an exchange of value across organizational boundaries Slide 1-7

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Ltd.Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Ltd. Why Study E-commerce? E-commerce technology is different, more powerful than previous technologies E-commerce bringing fundamental changes to commerce Traditional commerce:  Passive consumer  Sales-force driven  Fixed prices  Information asymmetry Slide 1-8

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Ltd.Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Ltd. Unique Features of E-commerce Technology 1. Ubiquity 2. Global reach 3. Universal standards 4. Information richness 5. Interactivity 6. Information density 7. Personalization/customization 8. Social technology Slide 1-9

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Ltd.Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Ltd. Web 2.0 Technologies that allow users to:  Create and share content, preferences, bookmarks, and online personas  Participate in virtual lives  Build online communities E.g. Twitter, YouTube, Facebook, Second Life, Wikipedia, Digg Slide 1-10

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Ltd.Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Ltd. Types of E-commerce Classified by market relationship  Business-to-Consumer (B2C)  Business-to-Business (B2B)  Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C) Classified by technology used  Peer-to-Peer (P2P)  Mobile commerce (M-commerce) Slide 1-11

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Ltd.Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Ltd. The Internet Worldwide network of computer networks built on common standards Created in late 1960s Services include the Web, , file transfers, etc. Can measure growth by looking at number of Internet hosts with domain names Slide 1-12

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Ltd.Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Ltd. The Growth of the Internet, Measured by Number of Internet Hosts with Domain Names Figure 1.3 Slide 1-13 SOURCE: Internet Systems Consortium, Inc., 2010.

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Ltd.Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Ltd. The Web Most popular Internet service Developed in early 1990s Provides access to Web pages  HTML documents that may include text, graphics, animations, music, videos Web content has grown exponentially  Google indexes between 75 – 100 billion pages Slide 1-14

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Ltd.Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Ltd. Insight on Technology: Spider Webs, Bow Ties, Scale-Free Networks, and the Deep Web Class Discussion What is the “small world” theory of the Web? What is the significance of the “bow-tie” form of the Web? Why does Barabasi call the Web a “scale-free network” with “very connected super nodes”? Slide 1-15

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Ltd.Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Ltd. Origins & Growth of E-commerce Precursors:  Baxter Healthcare  Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)  French Minitel (1980s videotex system)  None had functionality of Internet 1995: Beginning of e-commerce  First sales of banner advertisements E-commerce fastest growing form of commerce in United States Slide 1-16

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Ltd.Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Ltd. Technology and E-commerce in Perspective The Internet and Web: Just two of a long list of technologies that have greatly changed commerce  Automobiles  Radio E-commerce growth will eventually cap as it confronts its own fundamental limitations. Slide 1-17

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Ltd.Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Ltd. Potential Limitations on the Growth of B2C E-commerce Expensive technology Sophisticated skill set Persistent cultural attraction of physical markets and traditional shopping experiences Persistent global inequality limiting access to telephones and computers Saturation and ceiling effects Slide 1-18

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Ltd.Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Ltd. E-commerce: A Brief History : Innovation  Key concepts developed  Dot-coms; heavy venture capital investment : Consolidation  Emphasis on business-driven approach 2006-Present: Reinvention  Extension of technologies  New models based on user-generated content, social networks, services Slide 1-19

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Ltd.Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Ltd. Early Visions of E-commerce Computer scientists:  Inexpensive, universal communications and computing environment accessible by all Economists:  Nearly perfect competitive market and friction-free commerce  Lowered search costs, disintermediation, price transparency, elimination of unfair competitive advantage Entrepreneurs:  Extraordinary opportunity to earn far above normal returns on investment – first mover advantage Slide 1-20

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Ltd.Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Ltd. Insight on Business “Noodlenomics” Guides Internet Investment in 2010 Class Discussion What explains the rapid growth in private investment in e-commerce firms in the period 1998–2000? Was this investment irrational? What was the effect of the big bust of March 2000 on e- commerce investment? What is the value to investors of a company such as YouTube which has yet to show profitability? Why do you think investors today would be interested in investing in or purchasing e-commerce companies? Would you invest in an e-commerce company today? Slide 1-21

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Ltd.Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Ltd. Assessing E-commerce Many early visions not fulfilled  Friction-free commerce Consumers less price sensitive Considerable price dispersion  Perfect competition Information asymmetries persist  Disintermediation  First mover advantage Fast-followers often overtake first movers Slide 1-22

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Ltd.Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Ltd. Predictions for the Future Technology will propagate through all commercial activity. Prices will rise to cover the real cost of doing business. E-commerce margins and profits will rise to levels more typical of all retailers. Cast of players will change.  Traditional Fortune 500 companies will play dominant role.  New startup ventures will emerge with new products, services. Number of successful pure online stores will remain smaller than integrated offline/online stores. Regulatory activity worldwide will grow. Cost of energy will have an influence. Slide 1-23

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Ltd.Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Ltd. Understanding E-commerce: Organizing Themes Technology:  Development and mastery of digital computing and communications technology Business:  New technologies present businesses with new ways of organizing production and transacting business Society:  Intellectual property, individual privacy, public welfare policy Slide 1-24

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Ltd.Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Ltd. The Internet and the Evolution of Corporate Computing Figure 1.9 Slide 1-25

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Ltd.Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Ltd. Insight on Society Who Really Cares About Online Privacy? Class Discussion What techniques of privacy invasion are described in the case? Which of these techniques is the most privacy- invading? Why? Is e-commerce any different than traditional markets with respect to privacy? Don’t merchants always want to know their customer? How do you protect your privacy on the Web? Slide 1-26