Analysis in DHIS 2
Principles of DHIS 2 analysis Flexible data model enables dynamic reporting (input != output) Customize with report design tools – not with programming One-click and dynamic tools for analysis are provided Online system enables horizontal comparison
Dimensionality in DHIS 2
Categories Break-down of data elements Should sum up to a total Should be re-used as much as possible
Aggregation
Aggregation Operator Defined per data element Aggregation strategy in the time dimension SUM Routine data Malaria treated, ANC 1 st visit AVERAGE Semi-permanent data Number of staff, Total population
Principles of DHIS 2 analysis Flexible data model enables dynamic reports Data is collected for atomic units (data elements) Reports are independent of data entry forms (input != output) Analysis should be indicator-driven
Principles of DHIS 2 analysis Customize with report designers Integrates with reporting tools (Jasper Reports/iReport) No need for programming Flexible report data source is provided (report table)
Principles of DHIS 2 analysis One-click and dynamic tools for analysis are provided Facilitates users with different levels of experience Facilitates requirements for fixed reports as well as deep analysis
Principles of DHIS 2 analysis Online system enables horizontal comparison Feedback reports available immediately Compare performance with other districts
Analysis in DHIS 2 DHIS 2 analysis tools Report table Standard (one-click) report Dataset report Static report Chart GIS Web pivot table Dashboard Integration with 3 rd party analysis tools Excel pivot table
DHIS 2 analysis tools Report table Basis for reporting Customizable and generic data source for reports Can be crosstabulated on any dimension Provides relative periods Provides report parameters One-click (standard) report Created in 3 rd party report designers (iReport/BIRT) Uses report table as data source (potentially any table)
DHIS 2 analysis tools Dataset report Custom data entry form populated with aggregated data Static report Upload a document Link to a URL Chart Based on indicators, periods, and organisation units Bar and line charts with legends, labels and regression lines
DHIS 2 analysis tools GIS (mapping) Completely integrated within DHIS 2 Thematic mapping with drill-down Multiple data sources (Geoserver, GeoJSON, DHIS 2 database) Legend sets linked to indicators and data elements Favorite map views Web pivot table Pivot on aggregated indicator data Dashboard Quick access to favorite charts, reports and map views
DHIS 2 analysis tools Excel Pivot client Local data mart synchronized with central server Pivot table can be refreshed against local data mart Provides off-line dynamic analysis capabilities
DHIS 2 analysis tools
DHIS 2 as data warehouse Data warehouse: System designed for integrated collection of data from multiple sources into a central location DHIS 2: Used both as data warehouse and transactional system Data warehouse: Designed using dimensional (star) or normalized (ER) schema DHIS 2: Designed using both principles
DHIS 2 as data mart Data mart: Aggregated data repository designed for easy data access and analysis based on user needs DHIS 2: Data aggregated in time (period) and space (organisation unit hierarchy) dimensions
Aggregation strategy Strategy A: Real-time – Pro: Get aggregated data immediately after entry – Con: Report generation will be slow – Con: Bad performance for other users of the system Strategy B: Batch (Aggregation happens at night) – Pro: Fast access to aggregated data – Pro: Aggregated data will be consistent – Pro: Small impact on system performance – Con: Aggregated data not available until the next day