Electromagnetic Field & Public Health Mobile Telephones and Base station

What are microwaves? ► ► A form of electromagnetic energy like light waves or radio waves ► Occupy a part of the electromagnetic spectrum of power, or energy ► Very short waves of electromagnetic energy ► Travel at the speed of light (186,282 miles per second) Usage of microwaves Long distance telephone signals, computer information across the earth or Long distance telephone signals, television programs, computer information across the earth or a satellite in space, energy source for cooking food

► Frequencies from 1-30 GHz are usually called "microwave"

How Cell Phone Radiation Works ► Cell phones emit signals via radio waves ► Placed close to or against the head during use, which puts the radiation in direct contact with the tissue in the head ► When talking on a cell phone, a transmitter takes the sound of your voice and encodes it onto a continuous sine wave ► Sine wave that radiates out from the antenna and fluctuates evenly through space

► Sine waves are measured in terms of frequency, which is the number of times a wave oscillates up and down per second ► Once the encoded sound has been placed on the sine wave, the transmitter sends the signal to the antenna, which then sends the signal out ► Radiation in cell phones is generated in the transmitter and emitted through the antenna

► Comparison of radiation of cellular phones and microwave ovens

► Cellular phones have two signal strengths 0.6 watts and 3 watts ► Microwaves ovens have 500 watts to 1.1k watts ► Mobile phones cause negligible radiation in comparison to microwave ovens

► If you talk on the cellular phone just one hour a day the whole radiation is as follows:

► ► watts radiation of cellular phone ► ► Ten times more powerful than microwaves ovens ► ► You would put your head in a microwaves oven ► ► You would burn like a sausage

► Talk on cellular phone more than 20 min ► Brain temperature raises for up to 2 degrees ► ► Biological damage through heating effects

Long calls on mobile 1 Egg 2 Mobiles 65 minutes of connection between mobiles Assembled something as per image

► Initiated the call between the two mobiles and allowed 65 minutes approximately ► During the first 15 minutes nothing happened ► 25 minutes later the egg started getting hot ► 45 minutes later the egg is hot ► 65 minutes later the egg is cooked

Conclusion ► The immediate radiation of the mobiles has the potential to modify the proteins of the egg ► What it can do with the proteins of your brains when you do long calls ► Try to reduce long time calls on mobile ► Try to reduce long time calls on mobile

Health impacts ► ► Headaches ► ► Earaches ► ► blurring of vision ► ► short-term memory loss ► ► Numbing ► ► Tingling ► ► Burning sensations ► ► Bad sleep

► Alzheimer's disease, Anxiety, Asthma, Birth defects, Blood pressure increases, Brain cancers and tumors, Burning sensations, Calcium Ion changes, Chemical sensitivity, Chronic fatigue, Chronic stress, Diabetes, Disorientation, Epilepsy, Eye and ear discomfort and pain,Facial rashes and swelling, Fybromyalgia, Genetic damage, Gliomas, Depression, Hair Loss, Heart disease Oral cancer, Pacemaker interference, Pain,Parkinson's disease,Parotid gland tumors Premature aging, Reaction time changes, Sleep disorders, Suicide, Testosterone reductions, Thyroid cancer

DNA damage, Single and double strand DNA breaks in brain cells increased after exposure

► ► brain tumor

Comparison of brains from unexposed and exposed rats

► Exposed animals, have albumin leaking from blood vessels in inappropriate locations ► Control animals, showed either no albumin leakage or occasional isolated spots ► Exposed animals had "scattered and grouped dark neurons... often shrunken.. with loss of internal cell structures." ► A neuronal damage may not have immediate, demonstrable consequences ► In the long run, reduce brain reserve capacity that might be unveiled by other later neuronal disease or even the wear and tear of aging.

► Specific Absorption Rate Specific Absorption Rate Specific Absorption Rate ► rate at which radiation is absorbed by the human body ► a measure of the rate at which energy is absorbed by the body when exposed to a radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic field radio frequencyelectromagnetic field radio frequencyelectromagnetic field

Radiation from popular cellular phones ManufacturerModel SAR (W/kg) Nokia Nokia Nokia Nokia8110i0.73 Nokia Nokia Nokia Nokia

Occupational health hazards ► Telecommunication workers ► Spend time at a short distance from the active equipment ► Testing, maintenance, installation ► Greater exposure than the general population ► Base stations are not turned off during maintenance

Use in hospitals ► Use of mobile phones is sometimes discouraged inside hospitals …… ► Why………..? ► Ring tones, conversation may disturb patients ► Interfere with important discussions between health care workers and patients ► Confused with sounds from medical equipment ► Interfere with medical devices ► Interference may only be significant in intensive care and NICU intensive careNICUintensive careNICU

Environmental effects ► In the long run, occur genetic changes in plants, trees, microorganisms, insects and animals due to accumulated damage to the DNA

Five ways to minimize the risks of the mobile phone 1. Shorter conversations! Avoid speaking for long periods on the mobile phone. Try to plan your calls in such a way that you use ordinary phones for long conversations.

2. Don't sit in the car! Speak as little as possible inside the car because it amplifies the radiation. If you have to speak a lot from the car - get a roof antenna.

3. Protect your baby! Don't place a turned-on mobile phone in the baby carriage. The mobile phone emits microwaves even if you don't speak in it.

4. Avoid the waist! Don't carry the mobile phone in the belt around the waist. It is needless to expose the deposits of bone marrow in the hips, and the testicles to the microwaves. Earlier there have been warnings against placing the phone next to the heart. The best place to carry the phone is in a military trouser's leg pocket.

5. Direct the antenna! Always pull out the antenna when you use the phone and direct it away from the head, not upright in parallel with the head. It may be a marginal difference, but it reduces the radiation into the head somewhat.

Other measures ► Use hands-free to decrease the radiation to the head ► ► people should use landlines, rather than cell phones, wherever possible

► ► Always check the signal intensity ► ► Avoid speaking in elevators ► from the body while calling ► Hold the phone as far away as possible from the body while calling ► Use a loudspeaker phone

► ► Keep out of Wi-Fi fields ► ► Don't use cordless phones in your home ► ► Keep out of Mobile phone towers / base stations ► ► Please note that these measures don't eliminate the risk, they only reduce it

Mobile phone manufactures are today where cigarette makers were in the early 1950s Comment on