States of Matter Notes By Scott Roskelley
Solids Molecules are close together The molecules are moving slowly
Definite Size and Shape
Molecules attracted to each other
Crystalline Solids The atoms are arranged in a set pattern
Amorphous Solids The atoms are arranged in a random pattern
Liquids Molecules are farther apart than solids The molecules are moving faster than in the solid state There is less attraction
Liquids (continued) Liquids have no definite shape They take the shape of their container They keep their volume
Viscosity Measure of how a fluids resists a change in its shape Caused by friction within the molecules Higher viscosity means it is thicker and more sticky
Surface Tension Property of a liquid that allows it to act as a sheet on the surface Caused by the attraction of the molecules in the liquid Also caused by the compression of the liquid in its container
Gases The molecules are even farther apart They are moving faster Moving fast enough to overcome attractions between particles
More about gases They are able to change both shape and volume They expand to fill an area with the molecule equal distances apart The pressure of the gas can depend on volume and temperature
Boyle’s Law As you increase volume, you decrease pressure OR As you increase pressure, you decrease volume, or compress the gas
Charles’s Law As you increase temperature, you increase volume OR As you decrease temperature, you decrease volume
Plasma Acts like a gas but can conduct electricity 99% of the universe No definite shape or volume Ionized gas – often hot
Plasma Examples Plasma Displays (e.g. T.V) Fluorescent Lights Northern Lights Neon Lights Lightning The Sun
Works Cited myweb.cwpost.liu.edu/.../solid-liquid-gas.gif media/ice_solid_water/ eng-NZ/ice_solid_water_full_size_portrait.jpg media/ice_solid_water/ eng-NZ/ice_solid_water_full_size_portrait.jpg fall/projects/ray/ray_examples/solid_wood.jpp fall/projects/ray/ray_examples/solid_wood.jpp tension-supporting-steel-paperclip-in-drinking-glass-tumbler-beaker-8-AJHD.jpg tension-supporting-steel-paperclip-in-drinking-glass-tumbler-beaker-8-AJHD.jpgzeroasterisk.com/photos/d/ /balloons.jpg