AGRESSION AND APPEASEMENT *Lesson one:- Why was Hitler a threat to world peace? Aims:- 1. To understand how Hitler’s aims in foreign policy could cause a major threat to peace.

Hitler’s Aims In 1924 (9 years before he got into power) Hitler set out his plans in Mein Kampf (my story) You are now going to see extracts form this book. Read them and think about a)What is it that Hitler wants? b)How will this affect peace?

Extract A The Versailles Treaty is worthless. 60 million German hearts and minds are on fire with anger and shame. They will cry out ‘We want war!’

Extract B It will be the duty of German foreign policy to get large spaces to feed and house the growing population of Germany. Destiny points us towards Russia.

Extract C The menace of Russia hangs over Germany. All our strength is needed to rescue our nation from this international snake.

Task Using the information on page 143 of Waugh describe Hitler's main aims in order of importance. You decide the reasons why one aim is more important than another. Extension :- Use the map on the bottom of page 143 to create a time line of German expansion

How did Hitler set about achieving his aims? Aims 1)To discover how Hitler began to build Germany up for war. 2) To begin to examine the reaction of Britain and France to Hitler's plans

Hitler Aims 1.Destroy Treaty of Versailles 2.Expand German Territory 3.Destroy communism 4.Unite all German speaking people  What do you think Hitler would have had to do to achieve this?

Stage 1 Rearmament Look at the information on page 213 of the Walsh book. List all the ways Hitler rearmed Germany between 1933 and 1939 Turn to page 144 in the Waugh book. Describe the different ways Hitler was able to rearm List three ways Britain and France helped Hitler rearm

Rearmament Disarmament conference in 1933 Anglo German naval treaty in 1935 Massive increase in German armed forces  League was weak  British sympathetic  France weak  Britain and France preoccupied with Abyssinia

The Saar Explain what happened with the Saar in 1935 and how it helped Hitler. Include and explanation of the word, Plebiscite

The Saar The Treaty if Versailles had put the Saar under the control of the League of Nations for 15 years. In 1935 the inhabitants of the Saar voted to return to Germany. The Saar plebiscite is cited by many historians as the first step to war.

Why did Hitler risk reoccupying the Rhineland? Aims 1.Understand why it was a risk for Hitler to retake the Rhineland 2.Describe why he succeeded and what the consequences were.

Questions 1.Describe how Germany was able to successfully reoccupy the Rhineland in Why was it a gamble and why did Hitler take it? 3.Why did Britain and France do nothing? 4.What were the consequences of the invasion?

The Rhineland German troops simply marched into the Rhineland It was a huge gamble as it was against the treaty of Versailles. Hitler knew that  Britain was sympathetic  France was scared of conflict It was a massive bluff – The German troops (22000 in total) would have had no chance against France and were told to turn back if there was any trouble.

Cartoon analysis Look at the cartoon on page 214 in the Walsh book. Analyse the picture using the techniques you have learned (e.g. PICTURE) Write an evaluation of the cartoon – do you think it is accurate? (remember to refer to the origin)

The Anschluss Aims  Understand how Hitler was able to unite with Austria  Be able to explain the consequences of the Anschluss for European peace.

“ The reunification of Germany and Austria is our life task, to be carried out at every means possible at our disposal” Pg in Waugh 1.Explain why Hitler wanted to unite with Austria. 2.Why did Hitler’s attempt to unite with Austria in 1924 fail? 3.What factors placed Hitler in a stronger position to unite with Austria in 1938? 4.Describe the events which led to the Anschluss. 5.Why did Britain and France not tale action against Hitler. 6.What were the consequences of the Anschluss?

The Anschluss ♦Why? ►Hitler was Austrian ►They both spoke German ►Austrians might welcome it ►Part of a greater Germany ►Strong Nazi connection

Dolfuss 1934 The first attempt to take over using the Austrian Nazi party Foiled by Mussolini – he was not yet allies with Hitler

The Anschluss Hitler now in a much stronger position  Achieved success, had stronger military, allies with Mussolini, L of N failed completely. Hitler tried to put pressure on Schuschnigg, the Austrian leader, who was eventually forced to resign Hitler invaded Austria and in April it became part of Germany

Consequences… Britain, France and the League of Nations protested, but did nothing Many felt that Hitler was justified as most Austrians seemed pleased with the situation IIt was another sign that Hitler could do what he wanted – it was also clear he would not be happy with just Austria…

Appeasement Aims 1.To be able to explain how the policy of appeasement came about 2.To be able to describe the arguments for and against appeasement

The origins of appeasement Hitler had now made it clear that he was a force in Europe The L of N had failed so something else had to be done. RearmamentThe AnschlussThe Rhineland

Appeasement The policy was started by the British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain. It was the policy of negotiating with Hitler and, if necessary, giving in to his demands to stop war.

Task Complete tasks 1 and 2 on the sheet. In task two you may cut out the arguments and sort them Question 10 marks Which statement better evaluates Chamberlain's policy of appeasement: 'Prime Minister Chamberlain cowardly in appeasing Hitler. He encouraged him to be more aggressive and allowed Hitler to become far stronger.’ 'Chamberlain was right to appease, if he hadn't would we have been prepared for war? No we would have been defeated. We needed the time to build our defences and our army.' Explain you answer, referring to BOTH sides of the argument.

10 mark question You need to talk about both arguments! Each one needs to be covered in detail but you must explain why one is more important than the other Use evidence to back up each opinion. You much reach a judgement!

extension Look at the source. What is it trying to say? Is it accurate? It says ‘Why should we take a stand about someone pushing someone else when it’s all so far away?’ (British Cartoon)

Appeasement to war Read through the information on pages 156 to 158. Complete the activity on page 157 and the activity on page 158.

Appeasement to war In March 1939 Hitler invaded the remainder of Czechoslovakia. Appeasement had to be ended immediately.  Clearly Hitler could not be trusted.  Czechoslovakia was not part of a greater Germany. It was an independent country.  Poland was the final straw. Britain and France declared war after its invasion in September 1939.

Nazi-Soviet Pact: An unlikely alliance? Read through the information and answer the questions on the sheet.

Nazi-Soviet Pact Hitler wanted Danzig and the Polish Corridor. The Pact of Steel stated that Germany and Italy would support each other in times of war. Stalin was worried about Germany and distrusted Britain and France after Munich. Hitler did not want to fight a war on two fronts. The Pact stated that the USSR would not object to Germany’s invasion of Poland. In secret it was agreed that they would split the country between them.