Ownership and Funding in T.V and Films Jack Warwick

Ownership: Public Service Broadcasting Public servicing broadcasting is the place of public service broadcasting in UK cultural life. Public service broadcasting relates to the TV industry because,due to Ofcom’s regulations, certain TV and radio broadcasters are obliged to include a specific amount of public service broadcasts as part of their license to broadcast. Companies that use public service broadcasting include BBC, ITV and Channel 4.

Commercial A commercial is a television or radio advertisement. Most TV companies have commercials all except from the BBC. Examples of commercials could be brands like McDonalds or Sony.

Private In the TV industry, private means the belonging to or the use of one particular person or group of people only so it could be about TV rights. Private could relate to the TV industry through copyright as TV programmes own the rights and it would be illegal to film without the owners permission. Examples of copyright items could be poems or lyrics.

Corporate Corporate means a large company or group. Corporate is related to the TV industry because there are several large companies in TV who have they own channels like BBC and CBS.

Independent Companies An independent company is a company which is not controlled by another company. An example of how this can relate to the TV industry is that last year had the people of Scotland voted ‘yes’ in the independence vote then the Scottish independent companies would have lost out heavily on the amount of TV time that they would have received. Independent companies include Icon and lionsgate.

Global Companies A global company is a company which operates in at least more than one company. Being a global company means that you can have a channel in two different countries.

Vertical Integration Vertical integration is the combination in one firm of two or more stages of production normally operated by separate films. An example of vertical integration would be Warner Bros.

Horizontal Integration Horizontal integration is the merger of companies at the same stage of production in the same or different industries. Casino Royale uses horizontal integration because it uses Sony owned companies like Columbia pictures and the American company MGM.

Monopoly Monopoly is the exclusive possession or control of the supply of or the trade in a commodity or service. An example of TV monopoly is BskyB as they own Sky. This can relate to the TV industry because it involves the controlling of TV channels so BskyB would own all of the Sky channels.

Funding in T.V and Films: License Fee A license fee is an amount of money paid by an individual or business to a government agency for the privilege of performing a certain service or engaging in a certain line of business. Examples of license fees could include a driving license or a TV license. License fees are related to the TV industry because you have to have a TV license to watch TV.

Subscription A subscription is an arrangement to receive something, by regularly paying in advance. Examples of subscription include Sky and Netflix. Sky’s is related to the TV industry because they offer a service called Sky on demand where they offer thousands of films and TV programmes. Netflix is different because it is not a TV channel, instead it is an online service which can be used on a games console or on the internet.

Pay Per View Pay per view is a television in which viewers are required to pay a fee in order to watch a specific programme. Pay per view is related to the TV industry because you have to pay to watch an event on TV. Examples of this include Sky Sports and BT sports.

Sponsorship Sponsorship is the financial support being received from the position of being a sponsor. Sponsorship can be related to the TV industry because it can sponsor TV programmes and help give them more income. Examples of TV sponsorship could be the Barclays Premier League or the Capital One Cup.

Advertising Advertising is the activity or profession of producing advertisements for commercial products or services. Advertising can be related to the TV industry because they help link a TV programme together. Most TV channels have adverts apart from the BBC.

Product Placement Product placement is a practice in which manufacturers of goods or providers of a service gain exposure for their products by paying for them to be featured in films and TV programmes. Product placement is related to the TV industry because whenever it is used on TV there will always be a symbol that lets the viewers know that it is used in the programme. It is used in TV programmes such as This Morning.

Private Capital Private capital is the basic unit of the private capitalist economic system. Private capital is related to the Film and TV industry because private capital companies seek to invest in growing businesses like small film and TV production companies and serve as a partner with the management with those production companies.

Financial Aid Financial aid is when a business receive money to support a person or a cause. Financial aid is related to the Film and TV industry because it is when films companies who are struggling are given money as a financial aid to help cover debt or to help cover a loan.

Development Funds Development funds is when a business receives funds for a development. Development funds are related to the TV and film industry because companies like the BFI film company invest over £26 million of lottery funds to support film development with that amount of money rising to £30 million by 2017.