2006Hill Pearsall-Topsail High School Goal Eight: The Great War and Its Aftermath ( ) - The learner will analyze United States involvement in World War I and the war's influence on international affairs during the 1920's. Objective 8.03 Assess the political, economic, social, and cultural effects of the war on the United States and other nations.

2006Hill Pearsall-Topsail High School Goal 8: WWI Aftermath Politics of the 1920’s Warren G. Harding ( ) Laissez-faire Washington Naval Conference, 1921 Communism Red Scare Unions decline KKK Sacco and Vanzetti Trial Quota System John L. Lewis Create Prosperity Ohio Gang Teapot Dome Scandal Calvin Coolidge The Business of America is Business 1929: Kellogg-Briand Pact Dawes Plan Ill feelings over debts Farmers

2006Hill Pearsall-Topsail High School Warren G. Harding ( ) Republican President Called for a “Return to Normalcy” Leads to renewed nativism and isolationism

2006Hill Pearsall-Topsail High School Republican Politics Laissez-faire –Less support for this What is it??

Washington Naval Conference, 1921 Initiated by Sec. Of State Charles Evan Hughes Disarmament talks Scrap some war ships and discontinue building others US wouldn’t fortify Pacific possessions Japan didn’t join in Actually 3 different pacts: –5 Power, 4 Power and 9 Power Pact dealing with China, the Pacific and reducing the military

2006Hill Pearsall-Topsail High School Communism Economic and social system with one party State over the individual Communally owned property Bolshevik Revolution led to a fear of Communist revolution in the US –Communist revolution led by Vladimir I. Lenin –Called for a world revolution to overthrow capitalism

2006Hill Pearsall-Topsail High School Red Scare 1919: The Palmer Raids were led by Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer Fear of communism and radicals Associated with Bolshevik take over in USSR Raided radical offices (socialists, communists, unions) Arrested people who sounded foreign or knowing certain people Hundreds arrested and thousands deported Lasted about a year

2006Hill Pearsall-Topsail High School Examples of Terrorism 1919 – Mail bombs sent to 34 business and political leaders – Bombs simultaneously explode at homes of prominent Americans in eight cities, including Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer’s in Washington, D.C – In retaliation for Palmer Raids, anarchists detonate massive bomb on Wall Street, killing 40 and wounding hundreds.

2006Hill Pearsall-Topsail High School Unions decline because they are associated with radicals

2006Hill Pearsall-Topsail High School

2006Hill Pearsall-Topsail High School Ku Klux Klan More strength with new nativist fears Composed of Protestants More competition for jobs by relocated southerners due to the Great Migration Nativists

2006Hill Pearsall-Topsail High School The name of The Ku Klux Klan was probably derived from the Greek kuklos or kyklos, which means "a circle". However, it has been also assumed that "Ku Klux" comes from "the sound of an old- fashioned rifle being cocked". The word "Klan" was added to complete alliteration, originating from the Scottish name of family, "a clan".

2006Hill Pearsall-Topsail High School Over 40,000 Klan members marched on Washington in 1925 Their membership swelled in this period to 1 million by some counts

2006Hill Pearsall-Topsail High School Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti Accused of a robbery and murder of a guard Had three things against them –Anarchists –Italian (immigrants) –Evaded draft Circumstantial evidence Others wanted to make an example of them

2006Hill Pearsall-Topsail High School

2006Hill Pearsall-Topsail High School Quota system European and Asian immigration began to be limited with a which discriminated non- Westerners……..doesn’t apply to Western Hemisphere

2006Hill Pearsall-Topsail High School

2006Hill Pearsall-Topsail High School John L. Lewis Leader of the United Mine Workers Made some gains in strikes In 1919 there were many strikes…..4 million out of work as some points Unions lose appeal

2006Hill Pearsall-Topsail High School Create Prosperity The Republicans hope to create prosperity in two ways –Cutting taxes for the wealthy –Encouraging business investments Republicans pass laws that favor business

2006Hill Pearsall-Topsail High School OHIO GANG Harding’s cabinet was corrupt like Grant’s Albert B. Fall was Sec. Of the Interior Teapot Dome Scandal –Fall sold naval oil reserves held at Teapot Dome, Wy Harding went on a good will trip to Alaska While he was out, he got pneumonia and then died of a stroke After his death, scandals came out regarding his cabinet

2006Hill Pearsall-Topsail High School Calvin Coolidge Took over after Harding’s death Republican Cleaned out the cabinet “Silent Cal” –If you never say anything, you won’t be called on to repeat it”

2006Hill Pearsall-Topsail High School The Business of America is Business Coolidge’s slogan

Kellogg-Briand Pact, 1929 Outlaws offensive war…signed by 64 nations Defensive war is still ok

2006Hill Pearsall-Topsail High School Foreign Problems The US came up with the Dawes Plan-1924 Plan to get debts paid by Europe –US lends Germany 2.5 billion –Germany pays Allies 2 billion –Allies pay US 2.5 billion Some Allies won’t pay until Germany does Debt issue caused ill feeling between the US and European Allies The US wanted to stay out of European affairs, but wanted to to collect on debts The former Allies could only raise money two ways: taxes and tariffs They also expect the US to write off some of the debt; we didn’t The US passed a high tariff to protect American goods (Fordney-McCumber)

2006Hill Pearsall-Topsail High School Farmers Calvin Coolidge did little to aid farmers They wanted price supports for their goods Coolidge vetoed the price supports Government offers little support for farmers

Quiz Match slogan to President: –The Business of America is Business –Make the world safe for democracy –Return to Normalcy What party represents the 1920’s Presidents? Would they favor more or less enforcement of anti-trust laws? Would they favor high or low tariffs?