Responsible energy Jukka Sovijärvi 4th ISOE European Workshop on Occupational Exposure Management at NPPs, Lyon, France March Teollisuuden Voima Oy The Fifth Nuclear Power Plant in Finland from the Radiation Protection Point of View Jukka Sovijärvi, M.Sc. (Nuclear Engineering) Head of Radiation Protection Teollisuuden Voima Oy FIN Olkiluoto Finland

Responsible energy Jukka Sovijärvi 4th ISOE European Workshop on Occupational Exposure Management at NPPs, Lyon, France March Teollisuuden Voima Oy  Teollisuuden Voima Oy – established in 1969 – produces electricity to its shareholders – permanent staff 500  Olkiluoto 1 and 2 – 2 x 840 MW BWR, ASEA Atom – commercial operation 1979 and 1982 – modernization and 18.3% power level increase  Responsible for a new nuclear unit, Olkiluoto 3 – parliamentary approval May 2002  Subsidiaries – Posiva Oy: final disposal of spent nuclear fuel – TVO Nuclear Services Oy: marketing of special know-how Teollisuuden Voima Oy

Responsible energy Jukka Sovijärvi 4th ISOE European Workshop on Occupational Exposure Management at NPPs, Lyon, France March Teollisuuden Voima Oy Finnish NPPs Owner: Teollisuuden Voima Oy (TVO) Type: BWR Capacity: 2 x 840 MWe Commercial use: 1979 & 1982 Production in 2003: 14.1 TWh Load factor in 2003: 96.3 % Owner: Fortum Oyj Type: PWR Capacity: 2 x 488 MWe Commercial use: 1977 & 1981 Production in 2003: 7.7 TWh Load factor in 2003: 90.2 % LoviisaOlkiluoto

Responsible energy Jukka Sovijärvi 4th ISOE European Workshop on Occupational Exposure Management at NPPs, Lyon, France March Teollisuuden Voima Oy Electricity Supply by Energy Sources 2003 (84.7 TWh, fuels are estimated ) Hydro power 11.0% Wind power 0.1% Peat 7.6% Other renewable 13.1% Nuclear power 25.8% Natural gas 13.0% Coal 21.6% Oil 2.1% Net imports 5.7%

Responsible energy Jukka Sovijärvi 4th ISOE European Workshop on Occupational Exposure Management at NPPs, Lyon, France March Teollisuuden Voima Oy Nuclear power plant licencing procedure Application for decision in principle Construction licence Environmental licence Other licenses Operating licence according to the Nuclear Energy Act from the Council of State Construction of nuclear power plant Commencing power plant operation Supervision and licencing inspections Construction licence according to the Nuclear Energy Act from the Council of State Licences according to water legislation Decision in principle according to the Nuclear Energy Act - Council of State Decision - Parliament approval Environmental Impact Assessment EIA

Responsible energy Jukka Sovijärvi 4th ISOE European Workshop on Occupational Exposure Management at NPPs, Lyon, France March Teollisuuden Voima Oy Main contract Construction License Site works Civil works Installation Operation License Start-up Commercial operation OLKILUOTO 3 SCHEDULE

Responsible energy Jukka Sovijärvi 4th ISOE European Workshop on Occupational Exposure Management at NPPs, Lyon, France March Teollisuuden Voima Oy Electricity companies participating in Olkiluoto 3

Responsible energy Jukka Sovijärvi 4th ISOE European Workshop on Occupational Exposure Management at NPPs, Lyon, France March Teollisuuden Voima Oy Contents of the bid invitation IBInstructions to bidders TCTerms and conditions SSScope of supply and services PIProject implementation and time schedule GRGeneral technical requirements PGPower generation plant requirements NFNuclear fuel Bid invitation documentation was prepared based on Finnish safety requirements and European standards Bid invitations were sent out on

Responsible energy Jukka Sovijärvi 4th ISOE European Workshop on Occupational Exposure Management at NPPs, Lyon, France March Teollisuuden Voima Oy Commercial bids on its way to a safe Offers were received on

Responsible energy Jukka Sovijärvi 4th ISOE European Workshop on Occupational Exposure Management at NPPs, Lyon, France March Teollisuuden Voima Oy Bids were invited based on the decision-in-principle made by the Government size: 1000 – 1600 MW reactor type: PWR or BWR location: Loviisa or Olkiluoto The volume of the offer documents was in total about 10 cubic meters. Each offer comprised of tens of folders, one shown in this picture. Bid evaluation was a huge task

Responsible energy Jukka Sovijärvi 4th ISOE European Workshop on Occupational Exposure Management at NPPs, Lyon, France March Teollisuuden Voima Oy Evaluation was made both in Olkiluoto and Helsinki About 100 persons participated; half of them full-time and the rest part-time Evaluation made as a TVO project supervision committee nominated by TVO’s Board management group consisting of TVO’s personnel main responsibility lied on TVO’s experts construction project personnel participated in the evaluation consultants from several companies also involved Data security strengthened evaluation group has own isolated work premises and a separate data network consultants work in TVO’s offices Bid evaluation was made in cooperation with experts from several fields

Responsible energy Jukka Sovijärvi 4th ISOE European Workshop on Occupational Exposure Management at NPPs, Lyon, France March Teollisuuden Voima Oy Bidding phase tasks  Selection of the plant location  Evaluation of reactor island and turbine island bids  Contract negotiations  Financing negotiations  Planning of the project implementation  Construction licence application  Planning and licensing of construction site preparatory work

Responsible energy Jukka Sovijärvi 4th ISOE European Workshop on Occupational Exposure Management at NPPs, Lyon, France March Teollisuuden Voima Oy The following was taken into account when defining the evaluation criteria - technical characteristics - safety and reliability - economical aspects - plant supplier’s experience Evaluation criteria

Responsible energy Jukka Sovijärvi 4th ISOE European Workshop on Occupational Exposure Management at NPPs, Lyon, France March Teollisuuden Voima Oy Requirement on Radiation Protection The call for bids is based on the EUR-document (European Utility Requirement) and completed with TVO's requirements. STUK’s guidelines, e.g. YVL Safety criteria for design of nuclear power plants YVL Limitation of public exposure in the environment of and limitation of radioactive releases from nuclear power plants YVL Radiation protection of nuclear power plant workers YVL Monitoring of occupational exposure at nuclear power plants YVL Radiation monitoring systems and equipment in nuclear power plants YVL Radiation protection aspects in the design of NPPs

Responsible energy Jukka Sovijärvi 4th ISOE European Workshop on Occupational Exposure Management at NPPs, Lyon, France March Teollisuuden Voima Oy Targets and Limits of Radiation Exposure Individual doses: BSS 96/29/Euratom, YVL7.9, ICRP 60… < 100 mSv/5 years< 50 mSv/year Target in OL3:< 5 mSv/year Annual collective dose: YVL 7.9< 2.5 manSv/GW e, (running two years mean value for units in operation) YVL 7.18< 0.5 manSv/GW e, (mean value for new units) Target in OL3:< 0.5 manSv/year (mean value)

Responsible energy Jukka Sovijärvi 4th ISOE European Workshop on Occupational Exposure Management at NPPs, Lyon, France March Teollisuuden Voima Oy Targets and Limits of Radiation Exposures... Accidents: YVL 7.9< 0.5 Sv YVL 7.4< 50 mSv (when performing "non life saving" actions) Target in OL3:< 50 mSv Dose for Public (normal operation): YVL7.1< 0.1 mSv/year (site specific value) (2003 releases from OL1 and OL2 caused less than 0.2  Sv for a member of the public)

Responsible energy Jukka Sovijärvi 4th ISOE European Workshop on Occupational Exposure Management at NPPs, Lyon, France March Teollisuuden Voima Oy Some Key Issues... Shieldings (reactor, containment, controlled area, etc.) Layout, RP-facilities Minimization of the source term Minimization of corrosion and radioactive deposits Water chemistry Fuel handling Inservice inspections: number of welds, insulating materials Maintenance interval, maintenance free components

Responsible energy Jukka Sovijärvi 4th ISOE European Workshop on Occupational Exposure Management at NPPs, Lyon, France March Teollisuuden Voima Oy Result of the bid comparison Most radiation protection aspects were evaluated in the O&M- group. This group evaluated also the bids with respect to operation, maintenance, chemistry, outage performance and waste handling. The radiation protection issues were not deciding. All plants bid could be acceptable at least after small modifications. A "turn key" contract was signed on 18th of December EPR (European Pressurized Water Reactor) is based on the newest French and German PWRs. Framatome ANP names both N4-generation (Civaux 1 and 2, Chooz B1 and B2) i France and KONVOI-reactors (Neckarwestheim 2, Isar 2, Emsland) in Germany as references.

Responsible energy Jukka Sovijärvi 4th ISOE European Workshop on Occupational Exposure Management at NPPs, Lyon, France March Teollisuuden Voima Oy Plant supply Turnkey plant supply, i.e. plant supplier is responsible for: plant delivery, incl. buildings, time schedule, fulfillment of safety requirements, production capacity. Fixed price supply, excluding certain escalations with ceiling price.

Responsible energy Jukka Sovijärvi 4th ISOE European Workshop on Occupational Exposure Management at NPPs, Lyon, France March Teollisuuden Voima Oy Olkiluoto 3 Location Olkiluoto, Eurajoki Reactor supplierFramatome ANP Reactor’s country of originFrance/Germany Reactor typePressurized water reactor, PWR Turbine supplierSiemens AG, Germany Electric outputapprox MW Net efficiencyca. 37 % Total building volume m 3

Responsible energy Jukka Sovijärvi 4th ISOE European Workshop on Occupational Exposure Management at NPPs, Lyon, France March Teollisuuden Voima Oy Reactor main data EPR Reactor thermal power 4300 MW Electric outputapprox.1600 MW Reactor pressure154 bar Steam temperature290 o C Pressure vessel height13 m Reactor core height 4.2 m Number of fuel elements241 pcs Uranium in reactor128 ton UO 2 Number of control rods89 pcs Containment height63 m Containment width49 m Containment wall thickness2 m

Responsible energy Jukka Sovijärvi 4th ISOE European Workshop on Occupational Exposure Management at NPPs, Lyon, France March Teollisuuden Voima Oy Main activities during the coming few years Licencing prosess Engagement of personnel Training and education Procurement of equipment not including to the plant delivery

Responsible energy Jukka Sovijärvi 4th ISOE European Workshop on Occupational Exposure Management at NPPs, Lyon, France March Teollisuuden Voima Oy OLKILUOTO 3 in February 2004