Reformation

Objectives Analyze historical forces and religious issues that sparked the Reformation Analyze historical forces and religious issues that sparked the Reformation Trace Martin Luther’s role in changing the Church Trace Martin Luther’s role in changing the Church Trace the reforms within the Catholic Church Trace the reforms within the Catholic Church

Essential Question In what ways did the Reformation help shape the modern world? In what ways did the Reformation help shape the modern world?

Roman Catholic Church By the 10th century the Roman Catholic Church dominated life in Europe By the 10th century the Roman Catholic Church dominated life in Europe

Church Weakens 1500’s the church had weekend due to wide spread criticism. 1500’s the church had weekend due to wide spread criticism. What enabled the What enabled the people to question the authority of the church?

Printing press Printing press spread secular Ideas How would you How would youreact?

Merchants refused Merchants refused to pay taxes to Rome Corrupt and poorly Corrupt and poorly educated church officials

Calls for Reform Reformers believed that the Pope did not have the right to worldly power Reformers believed that the Pope did not have the right to worldly power Believed that the Bible had more authority than church leaders Believed that the Bible had more authority than church leaders What other written documents have more power over human authority today? Why? What other written documents have more power over human authority today? Why?

Martin Luther

Taking a Stand Johann Tetzel - a friar raising money to rebuild St. Peter’s Cathedral in Rome. Johann Tetzel - a friar raising money to rebuild St. Peter’s Cathedral in Rome. Indulgence – a pardon from sins. Indulgence – a pardon from sins. In today’s society why would one stand up to authority? In today’s society why would one stand up to authority? In what way can one express their beliefs to change a law? In what way can one express their beliefs to change a law?

The 95 Theses 95 formal statements attacking the “pardon – merchants” 95 formal statements attacking the “pardon – merchants” Wittenberg Castle = Reformation Wittenberg Castle = Reformation Led to the founding of a Christian church that did not accept the Pope’s authority Led to the founding of a Christian church that did not accept the Pope’s authority

Spread Across Europe

Pope’s Threat Luther, “Force out the Pope!” Luther, “Force out the Pope!” Excommunication – Being kicked out of the church forever Excommunication – Being kicked out of the church forever Luther ignored it and so he was excommunicated Luther ignored it and so he was excommunicated

Holy Roman Empire

Emperor Charles V - tried Luther Emperor Charles V - tried Luther Edict of Worms – Give Luther nothing!! Edict of Worms – Give Luther nothing!!

People’s Response People accepted Luther’s ideas People accepted Luther’s ideas Followers known as Lutheran’s Followers known as Lutheran’s

30 Years War German Princes protest against Rome = term protestant German Princes protest against Rome = term protestant Rome defeats them Rome defeats them Peace of Augsburg – Every German state can choose its own religion Peace of Augsburg – Every German state can choose its own religion Is this freedom of religion? What other laws today can we relate to this? Is this freedom of religion? What other laws today can we relate to this?

King Henry VIII Wanted a son Wanted a son Annulment –set aside the Annulment –set aside themarriage Act of Supremacy – King is Act of Supremacy – King is the supreme power in England Church of England was now in power Church of England was now in power

Queen Elizabeth I Anglican Church - National church of England Anglican Church - National church of England Priests could marry and Priests could marry and have a family If one did not attend a If one did not attend a fine was assessed Is this any different than Is this any different than the rule of the Catholic Church?

John Calvin Predestination – God has Predestination – God has known since the beginning of time who will be saved Theocracy – a government Theocracy – a government controlled by religious leaders.

Huguenots French Calvinist French Calvinist Hunted down by Hunted down by Catholics and Murdered How far would you How far would you go to stand up for what you believe?

Anabaptists Choose to be Baptized Choose to be Baptized Separation of Church and State Separation of Church and State Refused to fight in wars and were persecuted by other Protestants and Catholics Refused to fight in wars and were persecuted by other Protestants and Catholics Influenced the Amish and Quakers Influenced the Amish and Quakers

Catholic Reformation Ignatius of Loyal- laid out a Ignatius of Loyal- laid out a day-by-day plan of worship Jesuits - Society of Jesus Jesuits - Society of Jesus

Jesuits Founding schools Founding schools Convert non-Christians Convert non-Christians Stop Protestantism Stop Protestantism

Pope Reformation Investigate indulgence Investigate indulgence Approved the Jesuit order Approved the Jesuit order Inquisition Inquisition Index of forbidden Books Index of forbidden Books

Council of Trent Churches interpretation of the Bible was final Christians need faith and good works for salvation The Bible and Church tradition were equally powerful authorities Indulgences were valid expressions of faith but the false selling of indulgences was banned Is this real change?

Legacy of the Reformation

Religion no longer united Europe Religion no longer united Europe Individual monarchs and states gained power Individual monarchs and states gained power Paved the way for modern nations Paved the way for modern nations Laid the groundwork for a rejection of Christian belief Laid the groundwork for a rejection of Christian belief Helped stage the modern world Helped stage the modern world

Did the Reformation shape the Modern World?