Conversational Russian I 2 ноября 2009. -ся Verbs Often called reflexive, but this is really a misnomer What all –ся verbs have in common is that they.

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Presentation transcript:

Conversational Russian I 2 ноября 2009

-ся Verbs Often called reflexive, but this is really a misnomer What all –ся verbs have in common is that they are intransitive Not all –ся verbs denote reflexive action True reflexive Semi-reflexive Other meanings/uses

Conjugation of –ся verbs Much easier than they might look Conjugate verb in normal fashion Use –ся after consonants and –сь after vowels In present tense: я and вы forms have the soft sign ending For past tense: она́ and вы́ forms have the soft sign ending

учи́ться PresentPast я́ учу́сь (depends on speaker) ты́ у́чишься (depends on speaker) о́н/она́/кто́ у́чится он учи́лся она учи́лась мы́ у́чимсямы́ учи́лись вы́ у́читесьвы́ учи́лись они́ у́чатсяони́ учи́лись

My brother and I… Мы́ с бра́том. Мы́ с ва́ми. Мы́ с ни́м. Мы́ с Ви́ктором.

«на» and «в» with prepositional case «в» used to indicate location «на» used to indicate “on” It is useful to think of «на» as used with open spaces and «в» with closed spaces to mean in – на ле́кции– в го́роде – на рабо́те– в шта́те – на ка́федре– в университе́те – на ку́рсе– в кварти́ре

Different Verbs for “to study” учи́ться – To be enrolled in school – Most often answers question «где?» but could also be «как?» – No direct object (intransitive) изуча́ть – To take a subject in school – Area of study is in accusative case – Must have direct object занима́ться – To prepare for classes (studying, doing homework) – Do not use a direct object – Can have an object (not direct) but we have not learned this case

The University System in Russia Quite different from our university system Intense competition (ко́нкурс) for spots Five instead of four years (ку́рс ≠ course) слу́шать ле́кцию (ку́рс) Organization of universities: – факульте́ты – ка́федры Higher learning institutions: – ВУ́З (вы́сшее уче́бное заведе́ние) – ко́лледжи and вы́сшие шко́лы

What’s a direct object? 1.Peter I founded St. Petersburg. 2.Stalin was a totalitarian. 3.Tolstoy wrote Anna Karenina. 4.The USSR lasted about 70 years. 5.Yuri Gagarin flew into space. 6.Repin painted Russian landscapes. 7.Aleksandr II ended serfdom. 8.Vladimir Putin became president in 2001.

What’s a direct object? 1.Peter I founded St. Petersburg. 2.Stalin was a totalitarian. 3.Tolstoy wrote Anna Karenina. 4.The USSR lasted about 70 years. 5.Yuri Gagarin flew into space. 6.Repin painted Russian landscapes. 7.Aleksandr II ended serfdom. 8.Vladimir Putin became president in 2001.

What’s a direct object? 1.Peter I founded St. Petersburg. 2.Stalin was a totalitarian. 3.Tolstoy wrote Anna Karenina. 4.The USSR lasted about 70 years. 5.Yuri Gagarin flew into space. 6.Repin painted Russian landscapes. 7.Aleksandr II ended serfdom. 8.Vladimir Putin became president in 2001.

What’s a direct object? 1.Peter I founded St. Petersburg. 2.Stalin was a totalitarian. 3.Tolstoy wrote Anna Karenina. 4.The USSR lasted about 70 years. 5.Yuri Gagarin flew into space. 6.Repin painted Russian landscapes. 7.Aleksandr II ended serfdom. 8.Vladimir Putin became president in 2001.

What’s a direct object? 1.Peter I founded St. Petersburg. 2.Stalin was a totalitarian. 3.Tolstoy wrote Anna Karenina. 4.The USSR lasted about 70 years. 5.Yuri Gagarin flew into space. 6.Repin painted Russian landscapes. 7.Aleksandr II ended serfdom. 8.Vladimir Putin became president in 2001.

What’s a direct object? 1.Peter I founded St. Petersburg. 2.Stalin was a totalitarian. 3.Tolstoy wrote Anna Karenina. 4.The USSR lasted about 70 years. 5.Yuri Gagarin flew into space. 6.Repin painted Russian landscapes. 7.Aleksandr II ended serfdom. 8.Vladimir Putin became president in 2001.

What’s a direct object? 1.Peter I founded St. Petersburg. 2.Stalin was a totalitarian. 3.Tolstoy wrote Anna Karenina. 4.The USSR lasted about 70 years. 5.Yuri Gagarin flew into space. 6.Repin painted Russian landscapes. 7.Aleksandr II ended serfdom. 8.Vladimir Putin became president in 2001.

What’s a direct object? 1.Peter I founded St. Petersburg. 2.Stalin was a totalitarian. 3.Tolstoy wrote Anna Karenina. 4.The USSR lasted about 70 years. 5.Yuri Gagarin flew into space. 6.Repin painted Russian landscapes. 7.Aleksandr II ended serfdom. 8.Vladimir Putin became president in 2001.

What’s a direct object? 1.Peter I founded St. Petersburg. 2.Stalin was a totalitarian. 3.Tolstoy wrote Anna Karenina. 4.The USSR lasted about 70 years. 5.Yuri Gagarin flew into space. 6.Repin painted Russian landscapes. 7.Aleksandr II ended serfdom. 8.Vladimir Putin became president in 2001.

Direct objects and the accusative case Я́ понима́ю my mom. Мы́ чита́ем an interesting book. Мы́ чита́ем a magazine. Мы́ чита́ем Anna Karenina. Мы́ изуча́ем American history. Я́ изуча́ю Russian. Я́ изуча́ю international affairs. Я́ люблю́ math. Я́ люблю́ this city.

Direct objects and the accusative case Я́ понима́ю мою́ ма́му. Мы́ чита́ем an interesting book. Мы́ чита́ем a magazine. Мы́ чита́ем Anna Karenina. Мы́ изуча́ем American history. Я́ изуча́ю Russian. Я́ изуча́ю international affairs. Я́ люблю́ math. Я́ люблю́ this city.

Direct objects and the accusative case Я́ понима́ю мою́ ма́му. Мы́ чита́ем интере́сную кни́гу. Мы́ чита́ем a magazine. Мы́ чита́ем Anna Karenina. Мы́ изуча́ем American history. Я́ изуча́ю Russian. Я́ изуча́ю international affairs. Я́ люблю́ math. Я́ люблю́ this city.

Direct objects and the accusative case Я́ понима́ю мою́ ма́му. Мы́ чита́ем интере́сную кни́гу. Мы́ чита́ем журна́л. Мы́ чита́ем Anna Karenina. Мы́ изуча́ем American history. Я́ изуча́ю Russian. Я́ изуча́ю international affairs. Я́ люблю́ math. Я́ люблю́ this city.

Direct objects and the accusative case Я́ понима́ю мою́ ма́му. Мы́ чита́ем интере́сную кни́гу. Мы́ чита́ем журна́л. Мы́ чита́ем «А́нну Каре́нину». Мы́ изуча́ем American history. Я́ изуча́ю Russian. Я́ изуча́ю international affairs. Я́ люблю́ math. Я́ люблю́ this city.

Direct objects and the accusative case Я́ понима́ю мою́ ма́му. Мы́ чита́ем интере́сную кни́гу. Мы́ чита́ем журна́л. Мы́ чита́ем «А́нну Каре́нину». Мы́ изуча́ем америка́нскую исто́рию. Я́ изуча́ю Russian. Я́ изуча́ю international affairs. Я́ люблю́ math. Я́ люблю́ this city.

Direct objects and the accusative case Я́ понима́ю мою́ ма́му. Мы́ чита́ем интере́сную кни́гу. Мы́ чита́ем журна́л. Мы́ чита́ем «А́нну Каре́нину». Мы́ изуча́ем америка́нскую исто́рию. Я́ изуча́ю ру́сский язы́к. Я́ изуча́ю international affairs. Я́ люблю́ math. Я́ люблю́ this city.

Direct objects and the accusative case Я́ понима́ю мою́ ма́му. Мы́ чита́ем интере́сную кни́гу. Мы́ чита́ем журна́л. Мы́ чита́ем «А́нну Каре́нину». Мы́ изуча́ем америка́нскую исто́рию. Я́ изуча́ю ру́сский язы́к. Я́ изуча́ю междунаро́дные отноше́ния. Я́ люблю́ math. Я́ люблю́ this city.

Direct objects and the accusative case Я́ понима́ю мою́ ма́му. Мы́ чита́ем интере́сную кни́гу. Мы́ чита́ем журна́л. Мы́ чита́ем «А́нну Каре́нину». Мы́ изуча́ем америка́нскую исто́рию. Я́ изуча́ю ру́сский язы́к. Я́ изуча́ю междунаро́дные отноше́ния. Я́ люблю́ матема́тику. Я́ люблю́ this city.

Direct objects and the accusative case Я́ понима́ю мою́ ма́му. Мы́ чита́ем интере́сную кни́гу. Мы́ чита́ем журна́л. Мы́ чита́ем «А́нну Каре́нину». Мы́ изуча́ем америка́нскую исто́рию. Я́ изуча́ю ру́сский язы́к. Я́ изуча́ю междунаро́дные отноше́ния. Я́ люблю́ матема́тику. Я́ люблю́ э́тот го́род.

Animacy Animate nouns refer to living creatures Animate masculine singular nouns and plural nouns of any gender take special accusative endings – You haven’t learned these endings yet – You cannot yet say ‘I love my (male) friend’ or ‘I love my parents’ Animacy is not relevant for neuter or feminine nouns – The endings of these nouns never differ depending on animacy – You can say ‘I love my (female) friend’ and ‘I love my dormitory’

Accusative case Direct object – Other uses coming later Masculine animate don’t know yet Plural animate (all genders) don’t know yet Masculine inanimate = nominative Plural inanimate (all genders) = nominative Neuter = nominative Feminine special endings – Animacy doesn’t matter for neuter and feminine singular

Accusative endings Don’t worry about animate (masculine or plural) yet Feminine: replace the sound /a/ (spelled а or я) in nominative endings with the sound /u/ (spelled у or ю) – ру́сская литерату́ра Я́ изуча́ю ру́сскую литерату́ру. – моя́ ма́ма Я́ люблю́ мою́ ма́му. Feminines in –ь have accusative = nominative – моя́ тетра́дь Я́ люблю́ мою́ тетра́дь. All other (masculine inanimate, plural inanimate, all neuter) have accusative = nominative

люби́ть /l’ub–i+/ ‘love’ SingularPlural First personя́ люблю́мы́ лю́бим Second personты́ лю́бишьвы́ лю́бите Third personо́н/она́ лю́битони́ лю́бят 1.ит conjugation (like говорить) 2.Shifting stress 3.Mutation in я form only (б mutates to бл)

More things to remember about люби́ть 1.Syntax a.Direct object: I love Russian. Я́ люблю́ ру́сский язы́к. b.Infinitive: I love to speak Russian. Я́ люблю́ говори́ть по- ру́сски. 2.May translate ‘like’ or ‘love’. a.Я́ люблю́ ру́сский язы́к. ‘I like Russian.’ b.Я о́чень люблю́ ру́сский язы́к. ‘I really like (love) Russian.’ c.Я́ не люблю́ францу́зский язы́к. ‘I don’t like French.’ d.Я не о́чень люблю́ францу́зский язы́к. ‘I’m not too crazy about French.’

What you know about mutation Where it happens – V+V: /pis–a+u → pišu/, /l’ub–i+’u → l’ubl’u/ Only in the present tense, because all past endings begin with the consonant –л and the only infinitive ending you know is –ть – When ёт conjugation verbs mutate, the mutation happens throughout the present tense (писать, я́ пишу, ты́ пишешь, etc.) – When ит conjugation verbs mutate, the mutation is only in the я́ form (люби́ть, я́ люблю́, ты́ лю́бишь) What happens – р doesn’t mutate (говори́ть, я́ говорю́) – с mutates to ш (писа́ть, я́ пишу́, ты́ пишешь) – б mutates to бл (люби́ть, я́ люблю́, ты́ лю́бишь)

All about люби́ть ‘love’ Stem – l’ub’–i+ Conjugation type – ит (like говорить /govor ’–i+/, учиться /uč–i+s’a/) Mutation – When ёт conjugation verbs mutate, the mutation happens throughout the present tense (писать, пишу, пишешь, etc.) – When ит conjugation verbs mutate, the mutation is only in the я́ form (я́ люблю́, ты́ лю́бишь) Stress – Shifting (like учиться /uč–i+s’a/, писа́ть /pis–a+/) Syntax – Direct object (accusative case): I love Russian. Я́ люблю́ ру́сский язы́к. – Verb (infinitive): I love to speak Russian. Я́ люблю́ говори́ть по-ру́сски. l’ub’–i+ – All verbs with an /i/ suffix are ит conjugation govor ’–i+ uč ’–i+s’a

Что́ ты́ лю́бишь? Что́ ты́ не лю́бишь? Nouns (accusative case) – School subjects Я́ люблю́ ру́сский язы́к. – Cities and countries Я́ люблю́ Пи́ттсбург. – Women (but not yet men) Я́ люблю́ Ната́шу. (Я́ люблю́ Бори́с__.) Verbs (infinitive) – Я́ люблю́ говори́ть по-ру́сски.

Verbs of studying учи́ться изуча́ть занима́ться

Verbs of studying Бори́с: Где́ ты́ у́чишься? Ната́ша: Зде́сь, в э́том университе́те. Бори́с: А что́ ты́ изуча́ешь? Ната́ша: Я́ изуча́ю ру́сский язы́к и исто́рию. Бори́с: Ты́ мно́го занима́ешься? Ната́ша: Мно́го.

учи́ться To be enrolled in school Most often answers question «где?» but could also be «как?» No direct object (intransitive) – Cannot specify what you study Я́ учу́сь в Питтсбу́ргском университе́те. – I attend the University of Pittsburgh. Я́ хорошо́ учу́сь. – I’m a good student. / I do well in school. Ты́ у́чишься? = Ты́ студе́нт(ка)? – Are you a student?

изуча́ть To take a subject in school Must specify area of study (direct object) in accusative case Я́ изуча́ю ру́сский язы́к. ‘I take Russian.’ Specifies a subject, not a course or class – Don’t use this verb to say ‘I’m taking three Russian courses/classes this semester’ – Do use this verb to say ‘I’m taking Russian’

занима́ться To prepare for classes (‘sit and study,’ do homework) No direct object in accusative case – You cannot yet say “I do my Russian homework in the library” Я́ обы́чно занима́юсь в библиоте́ке. – I usually do my homework in the library.