Glion Colloquium / June W(h)ither Colliders after LHC ? W(h)ither Colliders after LHC ? Accelerating Science and Innovation R.-D. Heuer, CERN LP2011, TIFR, Mumbai, 25 August 2011

Glion Colloquium / June Wither Colliders after LHC ? Wither Colliders after LHC ? Accelerating Science and Innovation R.-D. Heuer, CERN LP2011, TIFR, Mumbai, 25 August 2011 NO

Glion Colloquium / June Whither Colliders after LHC ? Whither Colliders after LHC ? Accelerating Science and Innovation R.-D. Heuer, CERN LP2011, TIFR, Mumbai, 25 August 2011

“Discovery” of Standard Model At the energy frontier through synergy of hadron - hadron colliders (e.g. Tevatron) lepton - hadron colliders (HERA) lepton - lepton colliders (e.g. LEP, SLC) ‘Yesterday’

possible due to precision measurements known higher order electroweak corrections LEP Test of the SM at the Level of Quantum Fluctuations indirect determination of the top mass prediction of the range for theHiggs mass

Joachim Mnich | DESY Scientific Council May 16, 2010 | Seite 6 HERA: Impact on PDF a………………………………………………………………………………...a

Exciting Times At the energy frontier, the LHC brings us into unexplored territory: Excellent progress Accelerator – Experiments – Grid ‘Today’

8 Key message (I) LHC and the Standard Model Finding the Higgs: Discovery Excluding the SM-Higgs: Discovery Reminder: LHC is poised to clarify mechanism of electroweak symmetry breaking

origin of mass/matter or origin of electroweak symmetry breaking unification of forces fundamental symmetry of forces and matter where is antimatter unification of quantum physics and general relativity number of space/time dimensions what is dark matter what is dark energy Key Questions of Particle Physics For most questions: new particles should appear at TeV scale or below  territory of the LHC

Key message (II) ‘Tomorrow’ There is a 20 years programme at the energy frontier with the LHC: 7 TeV 14 TeV design luminosity 14 TeV high luminosity (HL-LHC)

? ‘Beyond Tomorrow’ Colliders at the Energy Frontier Colliders at the Energy Frontier beyond LHC beyond LHC Colliders at the Energy Frontier Colliders at the Energy Frontier beyond LHC beyond LHC

Road beyond Standard Model At the energy frontier through synergy of hadron - hadron colliders lepton - hadron colliders lepton - lepton colliders Next decades LHC results will guide the way at the energy frontier

13 High Energy Hadron – Hadron Collider HE - LHC

HE-LHC – LHC modifications 2-GeV Booster Linac4 SPS+, 1.3 TeV, HE-LHC July 23, 2011 S. Myers ECFA-EPS, Grenoble 14

CERN working group since April 2010 EuCARD AccNet workshop HE-LHC’10, October 2010, Proc. CERN key topics beam energy 16.5 TeV; 20-T magnets cryogenics: synchrotron-radiation heat radiation damping & emittance control vacuum system: synchrotron radiation new injector: energy > 1 TeV parameters High Energy-LHC (HE-LHC) LHCHE-LHC beam energy [TeV]716.5 dipole field [T] dipole coil aperture [mm]5640 #bunches IP beta function [m]0.551 (x), 0.43 (y) number of IPs32 beam current [A] SR power per ring [kW] arc SR heat load dW/ds [W/m/ap] peak luminosity [10 34 cm -2 s -1 ] events per crossing1976 E. Todesco hybrid magnet July 23, 2011 S. Myers ECFA-EPS, Grenoble 15

HE-LHC – main issues and R&D high-field 20-T dipole magnets based on Nb 3 Sn, Nb 3 Al, and HTS high-gradient quadrupole magnets for arc and IR fast cycling SC magnets for 1-TeV injector emittance control in regime of strong SR damping and IBS cryogenic handling of SR heat load (first analysis; looks manageable) dynamic vacuum July 23, 2011 S. Myers ECFA-EPS, Grenoble 16

17 Lepton – Hadron Collider LHeC

Determining Leptoquark Quantum Numbers Single production gives access to quantum numbers: - fermion number (below) - spin (decay angular distributions) - chiral couplings (beam lepton polarisation asymmetry)

LHeC options: RR and LR RR LHeC: new ring in LHC tunnel, with bypasses around experiments RR LHeC e-/e+ injector 10 GeV, 10 min. filling time LR LHeC: recirculating linac with energy recovery, or straight linac Frank Zimmermann, UPHUK4 Bodrum 2010 July 23, 2011 S. Myers ECFA-EPS, Grenoble 19

20 Lepton – Lepton Colliders

Multi-TeV Linear Colliders challenges Luminosity Beam acceleration: MW of beam power with high gradient and high efficiency Generation of ultra-low emittances: micron rad-m in H, nano rad-m in V Preservation of low emittances in strong wake field environment Alignment (micron range) Stability (nano-meter range) Small beam sizes at Interaction Point: Focusing to nm beam sizes Stability to sub nano-meter Energy reach e+ e- source damping ring main linac beam delivery Accelerating structures: large accelerating fields with low breakdown rate RF power source: high peak power with high efficiency July 23, 2011 S. Myers ECFA-EPS, Grenoble 21

22 Linear Colliders: ILC / CLIC Both projects are global endeavours Wide range of Physics Topics, e.g. Higgs (self) couplings Z, W, Top studies new physics

July 23, 2011 S. Myers ECFA-EPS, Grenoble 23

July 23, 2011 S. Myers ECFA-EPS, Grenoble 24 The ILC SCRF Cavity - Achieve high gradient (35MV/m); develop multiple vendors; make cost effective, etc - Focus is on high gradient; production yields; cryogenic losses; radiation; system performance

25 Global ILC Cavity Gradient Yield Updated at ALCPG2011 Plot courtesy Camille Ginsburg of FNAL TDP-2 Goal TDP-1 Goal Achieved July 23, 2011 S. Myers ECFA-EPS, Grenoble

Feasibility issues: Drive beam generation Beam driven RF power generation Accelerating Structures Two Beam Acceleration Ultra low emittances and beam sizes Alignment Vertical stabilization Operation and Machine Protection System CDRs: Vol 1: The CLIC accelerator and site facilities CLIC concept with exploration over multi-TeV energy range up to 3 TeV Feasibility study of CLIC parameters optimized at 3 TeV (most demanding) Consider also 500 GeV, and intermediate energy ranges Vol 2: The CLIC physics and detectors Vol 3: CLIC study summary Summary and input to the European Strategy process, including possible implementation stages for a CLIC machine as well as costing and cost-drives Proposing objectives and work plan of post CDR phase ( ) Timescales: By end 2011: Vol 1 and 2 completed Spring/mid 2012: Vol 3 ready for the European Strategy Open Meeting Feasibility studies and the CDR

Two Beam Test Stand (TBTS) results 2011  Well established two beam acceleration experiments  Calibration converging, structure correctly tuned  Interesting breakdown studies started 2011 : CTF3 TBTS running for full after winter shut-down. Gradients of 110 – 130 MV/m are routinely reached (20% above CLIC target). Very preliminary, RF parts in early conditioning phase Blue: all components, Orange: limited to structures

July 23, 2011 S. Myers ECFA-EPS, Grenoble 28

29 Key message (III) High Priority Items for Linear Collider Projects ILC and CLIC projects  LC project Construction Cost Power Consumption Value Engineering

30 Muon Collider

31 High Gradient Acceleration From: T.Raubenheimer, EPS 2011 R&D on new technologies mandatory

32 Example Roadmap for Multi-TeV Lepton Colliders From: T.Raubenheimer, EPS 2011 Normal / super conducting

33 Key message (IV) All projects need continuing accelerator and detector R&D; All projects need continuing attention concerning a convincing physics case; close collaboration exp-theo mandatory so that the right decision can be made when the time comes to identify the next energy frontier accelerator (collider). Today, we need to keep our choices open.

Rich variety of projects under study at the energy frontier and the intensity frontier Global – Regional – National Projects  Need to present and discuss all these projects in an international context before making choices  Need to present physics case(s) always taking into account latest results at existing facilities  Need to present (additional) benefits to society from the very beginning of the project 34 Choices ? Key message (V)

Prof. Rolf-Dieter Heuer new physics around 2011/12 ? 35 The TeV Scale (far) beyond 2010 CDR in 2011 TDR/CDR 2011/12 Great opportunities ahead at the TeV scale first window of opportunity for enabling decision on the way forward around 2012 (?) (HL)-LHC HE-LHC ? xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Update of the European Strategy for Particle Physics in Several Meetings with international participation  bottom-up process: your input requested - increase coordination with astroparticle and nuclear community ICFA Seminar 3-6 October 2011 at CERN use as 1 st step to harmonize Particle Physics Strategy globally 36 from Choices ? to Choice !

CLIC conceptual design report by 2012 Participation in all LC activities LHeC conceptual design report 2011 R&D for high-field magnets (towards HE-LHC) Generic R&D (high-power SPL, Plasma Acc) 37 CERN today….into the future

Road beyond Standard Model At the energy frontier through synergy of hadron - hadron colliders (LHC, HE-LHC?) lepton - hadron colliders (LHeC ??) lepton - lepton colliders (LC (ILC or CLIC) ?) (μ-collider ???) Next decades LHC results crucial for decisions at the energy frontier

Results from LHC will guide the way Expect period for decision enabling on next steps earliest 2012 (at least) concerning energy frontier (similar situation concerning neutrino sector Θ 13 ) We are NOW in a new exciting era of accelerator planning-design-construction-running and need intensified efforts on R&D and technical design work to enable these decisions global collaboration and stability on long time scales (don‘t forget: first workshop on LHC was 1984)  more coordination and more collaboration required 39

CERN: opening the door… Membership for Non-European countries New Associate Membership defined Romania in accession to membership Negotiations started with Cyprus, Israel, Serbia, Slovenia, and Turkey concerning membership Several countries expressed interest in Associate Membership CERN participation in global projects independent of location

We need to define the most appropriate organizational form for global projects NOW and need to be open and inventive (scientists, funding agencies, politicians...) Mandatory to have accelerator laboratories in all regions as partners in accelerator development / construction / commissiong / exploitation Planning and execution of HEP projects today need global partnership for global, regional and national projects in other words: for the whole program Use the exciting times ahead to establish such a partnership 41

Past decades saw precision studies of 5 % of our Universe  Discovery of the Standard Model The LHC is running well Experiments are delivering exciting results Other intriguing results, e.g. in neutrino physics We are just at the beginning of exploring 95 % of the Universe

Past decades saw precision studies of 5 % of our Universe  Discovery of the Standard Model The LHC is running well Experiments are delivering exciting results Other intriguing results, e.g. in neutrino physics We are just at the beginning of exploring 95 % of the Universe exciting prospects