Popping Under Pressure: The Physics of Popcorn Paul V. Quinn, Sr. Advisor Sally Warner Teaching Assistant Alex Arkhipov Carly Becker Dave Bergamo Veronica.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Ch. 9.1 HW Temperature. Page 304: Section 9.1 Review 1. The pan’s temperature decreases if the water’s temperature increases; The water and pan have reached.
Advertisements

As close to chemistry as we can get
.Reid.David.Trisha.Chloe  W Will the inexpensive or expensive brand pop more kernels?
▶ Phrase Check ▶ Word Check ☞ Write the meanings of the words. ☞ Choose the correct word or phrase for each blank Essay that, heated, into, burst,
Juliana Pastick, Adriana Costache Phoenix 11 June 8 th, 2011.
The Popcorn Process.
The Popcorn Process Kelley Hughes. Popcorn FACTS Americans today consume 17.3 billion quarts of popped popcorn each year. The average American eats about.
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley PowerPoint ® Lectures for University Physics, Twelfth Edition – Hugh D. Young.
Exergy Analysis of STHE P M V Subbarao Professor Mechanical Engineering Department I I T Delhi Formalization of Thermo-economics…..
1 Gases Chapter Properties of Gases Expand to completely fill their container Take the Shape of their container Low Density –much less than solid.
Floatation.  Investigate Parameters affecting Period or frequency of oscillation.
Increasing the “POP” in Popcorn
Chapter 15: Thermodynamics
A spherical air bubble originating from a scuba diver at a depth of 18
1 Suppose that 1 gram (g) of Material A, initially a liquid, is kept in a cylinder fitted with a piston at a constant pressure of 1 atmosphere (atm).
BOYLE’S LAW. WHAT IS BOYLE’S LAW? Boyle’s Law is one of the laws in physics that concern the behaviour of gases. At constant temperature it relates pressure.
Transfer of Energy Through Water By: Sarah S Jessika F Nick L Halle B.
Increasing the size of a piece of Popcorn 안용열 저널클럽
Popcorn Project Investigation and Experimentation CA standard 6.7 Scientific progress is made by asking meaningful questions and conducting careful investigations.
How much popcorn pops. By: Sarah Wheeler.
By. Tiffany Richard. Problem What brand of microwave popcorn do you get your moneys worth?
Determine the heat capacity (in calories/C°) of a lake containing two million gallons (approximately 8 million kilograms) of water at 15C°. Select.
Chapter 13: Thermodynamics
MME 2009 Metallurgical Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics of Popcorn
Gas Laws Opening thoughts… Have you ever: Seen a hot air balloon? Had a soda bottle spray all over you? Baked (or eaten) a nice, fluffy cake? These are.
Which popcorn brand pops the most popcorn?
Pop, Pop, Pop By A. Walker, J. Owens, C. Carpenter, K. Goetz.
Pop it out! Brandon, Christian A, Blake, Kalei, Nazir.
ENGR 2213 Thermodynamics F. C. Lai School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering University of Oklahoma.
Science Fair Research paper General Requirements – 3 pages long. The 4 th page should be the biography. – Times Roman 11 or 12 font. 1.5 spacing – Do NOT.
Can Crusher 1.Can crushed 2.Water inside the can was heated creating gas. The gas particles expanded inside the can. When Mr. Lenet put the can in the.
Density. Which weighs more? Which one of these weighs more??? A kg of bricks or a kg of feathers? Both of the objects are 1 kg… so they both weight the.
Essential Question: How does WATER in the atmosphere affect weather and climate? What is the most important gas in the atmosphere for weather? What is.
Gas pressure & volume. p X V = Constant  For example, suppose we have a theoretical gas confined in a jar with a piston at the top. The initial state.
DENSITY RULES. All pieces of the SAME material (no matter what the size) should have the density. When a piece breaks, the density of each piece is the.
Math Review 1.Solve for x:2x - 3 = 1 7x + 2 = 4 4.
Popcorn Lab Purpose: To further understand (more independently) how to solve scientific problems through the use of a problem solving strategy (Sci.
The First Law of Thermodynamics
Chapter 14- Gas Laws.
Thermodynamics Steam.
Fluid Statics/Dynamics
Population Ecology 1.
DENSITY RULES.
Introduction to Food Engineering
Normal Distribution and Parameter Estimation
15-2 Behavior of Gases 15-3 Graphing Gas Behavior
Lecture 22: Temperature and Thermal Expansion
Ideal Gas Laws.
Chapter 16 Thermal Energy & Heat
Pressure Buildup in a Bottle of Champagne
Chapter 14 The Behavior of Gases 14.2 The Gas Laws
Living By Chemistry SECOND EDITION
Chapter 14: The Behavior of Gases
Mixed up Gas Law Review.
Population Ecology.
ATMOSPHERIC MOISTURE (Chapter 4).
Gases 1.
Thermodynamics Review Questions

The Popcorn Process.
State of Matter Volume Shape Structure/Energy
Gases Behaviors of Gases.
Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures
Warm Up: Solve for x 1. 28=4x =5x 3. (50)(5) = (10)(5)x.
L 19 - Thermodynamics [4] Heat capacity
CH. 14 Clicker Review.
Conservation.
ATMOSPHERIC MOISTURE (Chapter 4).
Chapter 19 The kinetic theory of gases
Presentation transcript:

Popping Under Pressure: The Physics of Popcorn Paul V. Quinn, Sr. Advisor Sally Warner Teaching Assistant Alex Arkhipov Carly Becker Dave Bergamo Veronica Demtchouk Andrew Freddo Ted Kreider Mike Lee Joe Montalbano Dave Richards Liz So Jasper Wang

History of Popcorn Introduced by Native Americans Aztecs used for decoration Oldest popcorn 4,000 years old In 20 th century, business grew

Industrial Facts Americans consume 17 billion quarts annually. 54 quarts per family 1 million kernels remain unpopped

Industry Standards 10-12% kernels unpopped Flake size: 5-7 cm 3 /kernel Average diameter: 2.25 cm cm 3 /g

Essential Elements of a Popcorn Kernel

Inner Moisture Need 16%-20% moisture to pop Moisture turns into steam and expands Internal pressure increases Popping depends on how heat is distributed to the moisture in the starch

The Shell Locks moisture inside the kernel Heated moisture leads to pressure buildup The shell ruptures

Starch When the kernel explodes: Gelatinized starch expands into thick, jelly-like bubbles Neighboring bubbles fuse together Bubbles solidify

Thermodynamics Water vapor is an ideal gas Vapor expands adiabatically where

Thermodynamics Variable of interest V f To maximize V f, must minimize P f

Theoretical Model Goal: Approximate maximum value for R v n proportional to the difference in P Assume proportion of 1:1

Finding the Radius Assume and When, is maximized Solving gives

Dependence on Pressure As pressure decreases, volume increases

Numerical Approximation Euler’s Method Fit curve

The Hot Plate Apparatus

The Microwave Apparatus

Procedure Kernels sorted Kernels counted before and after popping Trials run under varying pressures Different trials: –With oil, with mesh, dry; with bag, without bag –Alter sample size: 10 g, 20 g, 40 g

Procedure After each trial, we: –Found the volume of the popped kernels –Counted the popped and unpopped kernels –Calculated values for the three variables, σ, π, and ω

Variables σ = total popped volume (cm 3 ) original sample weight (g) π = the total popped volume (cm 3 ) number of popped kernels ω = the number of unpopped kernels original number of kernels

Results 70 Trials 8921 Kernels: –862 Unpopped –8059 Popped Total Volume: cm 3 Reduced Pressure: –Less waste (lower ω) –Larger flake size (higher π) –Larger volume per gram (higher σ)

Hot Plate - ω

Hot Plate - π

Hot Plate - σ

Microwave - ω

Microwave - π

Microwave - σ

Hot Plate Variable Pressure - ω

Hot Plate Variable Pressure - π

Hot Plate Variable Pressure - σ

Conclusions Pressure decreases: →ω decreases →π increases →σ increases Improved ω Matched values of σ and π The more packed the bag, the more restricted the expansion

Sources of Error Subjectivity Non-ideal conditions Equipment defects Varied portions of experiment: –Temperature of hot plate –Popping time –Amount of oil –Age of popcorn

If We Had More Time... We would use spherical harmonics Use more brands and sample sizes Get better equipment like: – Different microwaves – Vacuum pump that reduces pressure below 1/30 atm –Better weather stripping

The End Are there any questions?