Roman Beginnings…

Rome started with the Latin Tribe on the Italian Peninsula in the Tiber River Valley around 2000 B.C.

Italian Peninsula Powers

Etruscans

The Etruscans took over the Latins in 800 B.C.

Etruscans The Etruscans took over the Latins in 800 B.C. –A Latin-elected, Etruscan-born king ruled over the Latins

Etruscans The Etruscans took over the Latins in 800 B.C. –A Latin-elected, Etruscan-born king ruled over the Latins –The king kept a Latin advisory council called the Senate

Etruscans The Etruscans took over the Latins in 800 B.C. –A Latin-elected, Etruscan-born king ruled over the Latins –The king kept a Latin advisory council called the Senate The Senate was made up of land owners or Patricians.

Etruscans The Etruscans took over the Latins in 800 B.C. –A Latin-elected, Etruscan-born king ruled over the Latins –The king kept a Latin advisory council called the Senate The Senate was made up of land owners or Patricians. The common people were known as Plebeians.

Eventually…

The Tarquin (Etruscan Family) Dynasty was overthrown.

Eventually… The Tarquin (Etruscan Family) Dynasty was overthrown. Rome forms its own government.

The Roman Republic

Republic: Citizens elect representatives to run the government.

The Republic

Established in 509 B.C.

The Republic Established in 509 B.C. Gives each “tribe” of Rome representation in the government.

The Republic Established in 509 B.C. Gives each “tribe” of Rome representation in the government. Uses two different branches to run the government

The Roman Republic

Senate

The Roman Republic SenateConsuls

The Roman Republic Senate Law Makers Consuls

The Roman Republic Senate Law Makers 300 Members Consuls

The Roman Republic Senate Law Makers 300 Members -Proposed Laws Consuls

The Roman Republic Senate Law Makers 300 Members -Proposed Laws -Lifetime Terms Consuls

The Roman Republic Senate Law Makers 300 Members -Proposed Laws -Lifetime Terms -Nominated Consuls Consuls

The Roman Republic Senate Law Makers 300 Members -Proposed Laws -Lifetime Terms -Nominated Consuls -Consuls appoint vacancies Consuls

The Roman Republic Senate Law Makers 300 Members -Proposed Laws -Lifetime Terms -Nominated Consuls -Consuls appoint vacancies Consuls Chief Executive

The Roman Republic Senate Law Makers 300 Members -Proposed Laws -Lifetime Terms -Nominated Consuls -Consuls appoint vacancies Consuls Chief Executive Two Positions

The Roman Republic Senate Law Makers 300 Members -Proposed Laws -Lifetime Terms -Nominated Consuls -Consuls appoint vacancies Consuls Chief Executive Two Positions -One year terms (to limit their power)

The Roman Republic Senate Law Makers 300 Members -Proposed Laws -Lifetime Terms -Nominated Consuls -Consuls appoint vacancies Consuls Chief Executive Two Positions -One year terms (to limit their power) -During war time one is chosen to act as dictator

But…

Only Patricians could be part of the government.

Plebeian Plight for Equal Rights

509 B.C. - Republic created: Plebeians are citizens with the right to vote, but they could not hold political office

Plebeian Plight for Equal Rights 509 B.C. - Republic created: Plebeians are citizens with the right to vote, but they could not hold political office 494 B.C. - Formation of the Plebeian Assembly and Tribunes

Plebeian Plight for Equal Rights 509 B.C. - Republic created: Plebeians are citizens with the right to vote, but they could not hold political office 494 B.C. - Formation of the Plebeian Assembly and Tribunes 451 B.C. - Twelve Tables created: Ensuring the right to protection of the law for all Roman citizens

Plebeian Plight for Equal Rights 509 B.C. - Republic created: Plebeians are citizens with the right to vote, but they could not hold political office 494 B.C. - Formation of the Plebeian Assembly and Tribunes 451 B.C. - Twelve Tables created: Ensuring the right to protection of the law for all Roman citizens 287 B.C. - Plebeian Assembly evolves into the Popular Assembly with near equal status to the Senate

Rome Expands…

North - Took over the Etruscans

Rome Expands… North - Took over the Etruscans South - Took over the Greeks

Rome Expands… North - Took over the Etruscans South - Took over the Greeks By 270 B.C. Rome ruled all of central and southern Italy

Punic Wars

Series of three wars over 100 years… Carthage versus Rome

Punic Wars Series of three wars over 100 years… Carthage versus Rome First War: 241 B.C. - Sicily

Punic Wars Series of three wars over 100 years… Carthage versus Rome First War: 241 B.C. - Sicily –Carthage controlled part of Sicily, Rome wanted it as a buffer

Punic Wars Series of three wars over 100 years… Carthage versus Rome First War: 241 B.C. - Sicily –Carthage controlled part of Sicily, Rome wanted it as a buffer –Fought by ships

Punic Wars Series of three wars over 100 years… Carthage versus Rome First War: 241 B.C. - Sicily –Carthage controlled part of Sicily, Rome wanted it as a buffer –Fought by ships –Rome won!

Hannibal

219 B.C. - Carthaginian General Hannibal attacks Rome

Hannibal 219 B.C. - Carthaginian General Hannibal attacks Rome –Through Iberian Peninsula, through Gaul and over the Alps

Hannibal 219 B.C. - Carthaginian General Hannibal attacks Rome –Through Iberian Peninsula, through Gaul and over the Alps –Losing half of his men

Hannibal 219 B.C. - Carthaginian General Hannibal attacks Rome –Through Iberian Peninsula, through Gaul and over the Alps –Losing half of his men Rome attacks North Africa

Hannibal 219 B.C. - Carthaginian General Hannibal attacks Rome –Through Iberian Peninsula, through Gaul and over the Alps –Losing half of his men Rome attacks North Africa –Hannibal returns to Africa to defend Carthage

Hannibal 219 B.C. - Carthaginian General Hannibal attacks Rome –Through Iberian Peninsula, through Gaul and over the Alps –Losing half of his men Rome attacks North Africa –Hannibal returns to Africa to defend Carthage –He is defeated at Zama (50 miles from Carthage) in 202 B.C.

Third Punic War

199 B.C. Carthage attacked a Roman ally

Third Punic War 199 B.C. Carthage attacked a Roman ally Rome gets annoyed with Carthage and they destroy the city of Carthage

Third Punic War 199 B.C. Carthage attacked a Roman ally Rome gets annoyed with Carthage and they destroy the city of Carthage Therefore Rome controls all Carthaginian land

Third Punic War 199 B.C. Carthage attacked a Roman ally Rome gets annoyed with Carthage and they destroy the city of Carthage Therefore Rome controls all Carthaginian land North Africa = Roman Province

Rome before the wars…

Rome after the Punic Wars…

Roman Map

Roman Empire

Expanding across the Mediterranean brought many changes to Rome…

Expansion under the Republic

Rome expanded to… –146 B.C. Macedonia and Greece

Expansion under the Republic Rome expanded to… –146 B.C. Macedonia and Greece –133 B.C. Asia Minor

Expansion under the Republic Rome expanded to… –146 B.C. Macedonia and Greece –133 B.C. Asia Minor –100 B.C. Middle East and Egypt

Expansion under the Republic Rome expanded to… –146 B.C. Macedonia and Greece –133 B.C. Asia Minor –100 B.C. Middle East and Egypt MEDITERRANEAN SEA

Expansion under the Republic Rome expanded to… –146 B.C. Macedonia and Greece –133 B.C. Asia Minor –100 B.C. Middle East and Egypt MEDITERRANEAN SEA = MARE NOSTRUM

Expansion under the Republic Rome expanded to… –146 B.C. Macedonia and Greece –133 B.C. Asia Minor –100 B.C. Middle East and Egypt MEDITERRANEAN SEA = MARE NOSTRUM “OUR SEA”

End of the Republic

Senate became too powerful and the army was doing all the work…

Enter: Julius Caesar

Popular General

Enter: Julius Caesar Popular General –Fresh from the Gallic Wars in which Rome took over Gaul

Enter: Julius Caesar Popular General –Fresh from the Gallic Wars in which Rome took over Gaul 44 B.C. formed the First Triumvirate

Enter: Julius Caesar Popular General –Fresh from the Gallic Wars in which Rome took over Gaul 44 B.C. formed the First Triumvirate (oligarchy)

Enter: Julius Caesar Popular General –Fresh from the Gallic Wars in which Rome took over Gaul 44 B.C. formed the First Triumvirate (oligarchy) –Overthrew the Senate

Enter: Julius Caesar Popular General –Fresh from the Gallic Wars in which Rome took over Gaul 44 B.C. formed the First Triumvirate (oligarchy) –Overthrew the Senate (weakened it)

Enter: Julius Caesar Popular General –Fresh from the Gallic Wars in which Rome took over Gaul 44 B.C. formed the First Triumvirate (oligarchy) –Overthrew the Senate (weakened it) –Gave Roman citizenship to non-Romans

Enter: Julius Caesar Popular General –Fresh from the Gallic Wars in which Rome took over Gaul 44 B.C. formed the First Triumvirate (oligarchy) –Overthrew the Senate (weakened it) –Gave Roman citizenship to non-Romans –Adjusted taxes

Enter: Julius Caesar Popular General –Fresh from the Gallic Wars in which Rome took over Gaul 44 B.C. formed the First Triumvirate (oligarchy) –Overthrew the Senate (weakened it) –Gave Roman citizenship to non-Romans –Adjusted taxes (taxed rich more than the poor)

Julius Caesar Became a dictator

Julius Caesar Became a dictator All powerful

Julius Caesar Became a dictator All powerful According to the Senate…

Julius Caesar Became a dictator All powerful According to the Senate… –He was too powerful!

Julius Caesar Became a dictator All powerful According to the Senate… –He was too powerful! Senate assassinates/murders Julius Caesar

Octavian & Mark Antony

Restore order by eliminating certain powerful senators

Octavian & Mark Antony Restore order by eliminating certain powerful senators Decide to split the empire and rule over two different sections - East and West

Octavian & Mark Antony Restore order by eliminating certain powerful senators Decide to split the empire and rule over two different sections - East and West Octavian = Western Empire and Rome

Octavian & Mark Antony Restore order by eliminating certain powerful senators Decide to split the empire and rule over two different sections - East and West Octavian = Western Empire and Rome Mark Antony = Eastern Empire and Egypt

Mark Antony & Cleopatra

Cleopatra believes that her son is the rightful heir to the Roman throne

Mark Antony & Cleopatra Cleopatra believes that her son is the rightful heir to the Roman throne She convinces Mark Antony to attack Octavian

Mark Antony & Cleopatra Cleopatra believes that her son is the rightful heir to the Roman throne She convinces Mark Antony to attack Octavian Octavian meets Mark Antony and Cleopatra at Actium (off the southern coast of the Italian Peninsula)

Mark Antony & Cleopatra Cleopatra believes that her son is the rightful heir to the Roman throne She convinces Mark Antony to attack Octavian Octavian meets Mark Antony and Cleopatra at Actium (off the southern coast of the Italian Peninsula) Octavian wins

Mark Antony & Cleopatra Cleopatra believes that her son is the rightful heir to the Roman throne She convinces Mark Antony to attack Octavian Octavian meets Mark Antony and Cleopatra at Actium (off the southern coast of the Italian Peninsula) Octavian wins Cleopatra and Mark Antony commit suicide

Augustus Caesar

Octavian is named emperor by the Senate

Augustus Caesar Octavian is named emperor by the Senate –Augustus “the majestic”

Augustus Caesar Octavian is named emperor by the Senate –Augustus “the majestic” The Roman Empire is born!

Pax Romana (Roman Peace)

Augustus

Created a peaceful empire (Pax Romana)

Augustus Created a peaceful empire (Pax Romana) Concentrated on building the empire from within…

Augustus Created a peaceful empire (Pax Romana) Concentrated on building the empire from within… –Adjusted taxes

Augustus Created a peaceful empire (Pax Romana) Concentrated on building the empire from within… –Adjusted taxes –Public works

Augustus Created a peaceful empire (Pax Romana) Concentrated on building the empire from within… –Adjusted taxes –Public works Lack of corruption

Augustus Created a peaceful empire (Pax Romana) Concentrated on building the empire from within… –Adjusted taxes –Public works Lack of corruption Encouraged large Roman families

Roman Trade

Decline of the Roman Empire 180 A.D. End of Marcus Aurelius’ reign A series of leader came after - did not lead well, were brutal Hostile tribes outside of Rome begin to threaten trade routes Raising of taxes Inflation from overproduction of less valued coinage Decreasing Population -harvests declined (less fertile land) -slave labor = no new technology -disease and starvation Barbarians invading Rome hire mercenaries to fight = lack of loyalty Political office no longer an honor = costs to lead

Causes of the Decline of Rome

Rome’s economy declines.

Causes of the Decline of Rome Rome’s economy declines. Rome faces military upheaval.

Causes of the Decline of Rome Rome’s economy declines. Rome faces military upheaval. Roman politics decay.

Causes of the Decline of Rome Rome’s economy declines. Rome faces military upheaval. Roman politics decay. Bigger gap between the rich and poor.

Causes of the Decline of Rome Rome’s economy declines. Rome faces military upheaval. Roman politics decay. Bigger gap between the rich and poor. Rome splits into East and West

Contributing Factors to the Decline of the Western Roman Empire…

Economic

Contributing Factors to the Decline of the Western Roman Empire… Economic –Inflation

Contributing Factors to the Decline of the Western Roman Empire… Economic –Inflation –Disruption of Trade

Contributing Factors to the Decline of the Western Roman Empire… Economic –Inflation –Disruption of Trade Military

Contributing Factors to the Decline of the Western Roman Empire… Economic –Inflation –Disruption of Trade Military –Threats from Northern European tribes

Contributing Factors to the Decline of the Western Roman Empire… Economic –Inflation –Disruption of Trade Military –Threats from Northern European tribes –Decline of patriotism & loyalty among soldiers

Contributing Factors to the Decline of the Western Roman Empire… Economic –Inflation –Disruption of Trade Military –Threats from Northern European tribes –Decline of patriotism & loyalty among soldiers –Low funds for defense

Contributing Factors to the Decline of the Western Roman Empire… Economic –Inflation –Disruption of Trade Military –Threats from Northern European tribes –Decline of patriotism & loyalty among soldiers –Low funds for defense Political

Contributing Factors to the Decline of the Western Roman Empire… Economic –Inflation –Disruption of Trade Military –Threats from Northern European tribes –Decline of patriotism & loyalty among soldiers –Low funds for defense Political –Division of the empire

Contributing Factors to the Decline of the Western Roman Empire… Economic –Inflation –Disruption of Trade Military –Threats from Northern European tribes –Decline of patriotism & loyalty among soldiers –Low funds for defense Political –Division of the empire –Political office seen as a burden, not an honor

Contributing Factors to the Decline of the Western Roman Empire… Economic –Inflation –Disruption of Trade Military –Threats from Northern European tribes –Decline of patriotism & loyalty among soldiers –Low funds for defense Political –Division of the empire –Political office seen as a burden, not an honor Social

Contributing Factors to the Decline of the Western Roman Empire… Economic –Inflation –Disruption of Trade Military –Threats from Northern European tribes –Decline of patriotism & loyalty among soldiers –Low funds for defense Political –Division of the empire –Political office seen as a burden, not an honor Social –Lack of confidence in the empire

Contributing Factors to the Decline of the Western Roman Empire… Economic –Inflation –Disruption of Trade Military –Threats from Northern European tribes –Decline of patriotism & loyalty among soldiers –Low funds for defense Political –Division of the empire –Political office seen as a burden, not an honor Social –Lack of confidence in the empire –Decline in interest of political affairs