Blood Gas Analysis and Analyzer (BME Lab 2) Palestine Polytechnic University Engineering & Technology Collage Electrical &Computer Department Biomedical.

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Presentation transcript:

Blood Gas Analysis and Analyzer (BME Lab 2) Palestine Polytechnic University Engineering & Technology Collage Electrical &Computer Department Biomedical Engineering Program Biomedical Eng Lab (II)

Blood Gas Analysis how effectively the lungs are delivering oxygen to the blood and how efficiently they are eliminating carbon dioxide from it. how well the lungs and kidneys are interacting to maintain normal blood pH (acid-base balance). Blood gas analysis evaluates;

pH Acid Degree PO 2 Partial pressure of oxygen in blood PCO 2 Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in blood cK Potassium Concentration NaSodium Concentration Glu Glucose Ct Bil Total Bilirubin Blood Gas Analyzer Measure the following Parameter Blood Gas Analysis

pH CO 2 + H 2 OH 2 CO 3 H + + HCO 3 - Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation pH = pKa + log [HCO 3 - ] [H 2 CO 3 ] pH = log [HCO 3 - ] [0.03 x PCO 2 ] pH = log pH = log 20 1 pH = 7.4 [H 2 O + CO 2 ] [t x PCO 2 ] 1.3

statepH Normal Acidosis< 7.35 Alkalosis>7.45 pH PH value for Human Blood

PO 2 PH value for Human Blood State PO 2 (mm Hg) Normal Hypoxemia< 80 Hyperoxemia>120

pH electrode is constructed of two half cells, which develop an electrical potential when connected together Reference electrode maintains a constant potential and is bathed in KCl Glass electrode (Sanz electrode) develops an electrical potential that is proportional to the amount of H+ present pH

Blood Gas Analyzer Block Diagram

Blood Gas Analyzer Calibrator Gas Chamber E1E3 E2 E4 w Pump High pH Low pH Standard Buffers Sample Probe V High O 2 Low CO 2 Low O 2 High CO 2 Display/Printer Microprocessor PO 2 PCO 2 Water bath 37 o C pH Reference for pH

Electrodes Principle operation

A - pH sensor B - reference half-cell C - combination pH electrode (A + B) d - seal e - internal filling solution f - internal reference electrode g - external filling solution h - pH-sensitive glass membrane i - internal liquid junction j - external liquid junction k - fill hole Glass pH electrode

Electrodes Shape in BGA Device

BGA Device

Blood Gas Analyzer BGA, BGE, BGA plus E Oximeter Tonometer Ion selective electrodes (ISE)

OximeterCO-Oximeter % Carboxyhemoglobin % Oxyhemoglobin

Tonometer

A new dimension in non-invasive patient monitoring Continuous real-time CO2 partial pressure measurement combined with state-of-the-art pulse oximetry in a single non-invasive digital sensor.

EasyBloodGas (MEDICA)

Common Problems with Blood gas /PH analyzers includes 1-Out-of-date buffer solutions. 2-No calibration gas. 3-Poor Flushing. 4-Not taking the time to properly warm up the analyzer. 5- Bad electrode.