Unit 7

 Considered a tissue because of all the different cells  Has 3 main functions:  Transport  Regulation  Protection

 Oxygen/Carbon Dioxide to and fro cells  Nutrients to cells  Waste from cells  Hormones from glands to cells  Heat What does it transport?

 pH  Temperature  Salt Balance  Water Content What does is regulate?

 Clotting (loss of blood)  Combatting toxins What does it protect?

 Made in bone marrow  7% of your body weight  Lives approx. 120 days  Has 4 components  Plasma = Clear/yellow liquid  Erythrocyte = RBC  Leukocyte = WBC  Thrombocyte = Platelets Blood Stats

Bone Marrow-Overall View

 Plasma:  Clear to yellow liquid  Acts as the “vehicle” the cells travel in (dilute solution of hormones, sugar, amino acids, fat, urea, platelets, and salts)  Made of mostly water  DID YOU KNOW: Makes up cerebrospinal fluid, clear fluid in a blister, and leaking fluid from a scab!!! Blood Components Where do the products carried by the plasma come from and go??

 RBC = Red Blood Cell, 96% of blood  Shape- Biconcave Disc  Function- Carry O 2 from lung to tissue and CO 2 from tissue to lungs  Contains *hemoglobin

 Protein molecule in red blood cells that binds to oxygen and carbon dioxide  Low levels can be caused by pregnancy, blood loss, cancer, and anemia  Symptoms = fatigue, weakness, pale skin, brittle nails

 WBC {White Blood Cell} (3%):  Large, blue to purple cells  Fight disease/”intruders”, 6 kinds--(Neutrophil most common, 55%, kills bacteria and becomes pus and dies)

 Platelets (1%)  Tiny cells fragments  Aid in clotting (internal and external)

RBC WBC

Blood Type BLOOD TYPES Austrian Karl Landsteiner discovered human blood groups. Before this time, blood transfusions were performed, but doctors did not understand why patients would die.

Blood Typing Genetics Review Blood Type is Controlled by 3 Alleles: A, B, O -A and B are Co-Dominant (meaning??) -O is recessive

Blood Typing Basics Antigen: Protein on the surface of the red blood cell, gives blood type identity. There are 3 total : A, B, Rh A is present = A B is present=B Both A and B present = AB None Present= O Rh= + or -

o While studying Rhesus monkeys, a certain blood protein was discovered. This protein is also present in the blood of some people. Other people, however, do not have the protein. o The presence of the protein, or lack of it, is referred to as the Rh (for Rhesus) factor. o If your blood does contain the protein, your blood is said to be Rh positive (Rh+). o If your blood does not contain the protein, your blood is said to be Rh negative (Rh-). Rh Factor A+ A- B+ B- AB+ AB- O+ O-

Antigen Combinations

Blood Typing Basics Antibodies: Proteins found free- floating in the bloodstream, will attack antigens on the RBC There are 3 antibodies: Anti-A- attack ___ Anti-B- attack ___ Anti-Rh- attack____

A blood transfusion is a procedure in which blood is given to a patient through an intravenous (IV) line in one of the blood vessels. Blood transfusions are done to replace blood lost during surgery or a serious injury. A transfusion also may be done if a person’s body can't make blood properly because of an illness. Who can give you blood? o People with TYPE O blood are called Universal Donors, because they can give blood to any blood type. o People with TYPE AB blood are called Universal Recipients, because they can receive any blood type. Rh +  Can receive + or - Rh -  Can only receive - Universal Donor Universal Recipient

Blood Testing and Transfusions -AGGLUTINATION (the clumping of red blood cells following a transfusion reaction; likely fatal -Antigens and Antibodies Combine Causing a Clot/Clump

Facts About Blood Need Every two seconds someone in the U.S. needs blood. More than 41,000 blood donations are needed every day. A total of 30 million blood components are transfused each year in the U.S. The average red blood cell transfusion is approximately 3 pints. The blood type most often requested by hospitals is Type O. The blood used in an emergency is already on the shelves before the event occurs. Sickle cell disease affects more than 70,000 people in the U.S. About 1,000 babies are born with the disease each year. Sickle cell patients can require frequent blood transfusions throughout their lives. More than 1.6 million people were diagnosed with cancer last year. Many of them will need blood, sometimes daily, during their chemotherapy treatment. A single car accident victim can require as many as 100 pints of blood.

Facts About Blood Supply The number of blood donations collected in the U.S. in a year: 15.7 million The number of blood donors in the U.S. in a year: 9.2 million Although an estimated 38% of the U.S. population is eligible to donate, less than 10% actually do each year. Blood cannot be manufactured – it can only come from generous donors. Type O-negative blood (red cells) can be transfused to patients of all blood types. It is always in great demand and often in short supply. Type AB-positive plasma can be transfused to patients of all other blood types. AB plasma is also usually in short supply.