Scientific Management ( ) Frederick Taylor Henry Gannt Frank and Lillian Gilbreth Luther Gulick III Max Weber Henri Fayol

Frederick Frederick Taylor And The Evolution of Management Theory “The Father of Scientific Management ”

SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT:  The process of approaching various aspects of organizations in a scientific manner using scientific tools such as research, management, and analysis.  It is the art of knowing what exactly you want from your men to do & then seeing that it is done in best possible manner.  In simple words it is just an application of science to management.  The systematic study of the relationships between people and tasks for the purpose of redesigning the work process for higher efficiency.

History of the Era Industrial Age  Migration to cities  Reliance on electricity and gasoline  Changes both on the farm and in factories  Autos, airplanes, movies, and radio became common

Frederick Taylor's life ( )  Frederick Winslow Taylor, was born on March 20, 1865, into an upper class liberal Philadelphia family.  His father a lawyer and his mother a feminist both believed in high thinking and plain living.  Taylor was always counting and measuring things to figure a better way of doing something.  At age twenty-five, Taylor earned an engineering degree at the Stevens Institute of Technology in New Jersey.  Worked as a machinist and pattern maker in Philadelphia at the Enterprise Hydraulic Works, then became a common laborer at the Midvale Steel Company.  He started as shop clerk and quickly progressed to machinist, foreman, maintenance foreman, and chief draftsman.  Within six years he advanced to research director, then chief engineer.

Who Was Frederick Taylor  Efficiency Expert in U.S. Steel Industry.  Invented New Tool Designs and Handling Methods.  Designed Stop-Watch Task Timing.  Created Piece-Rate Payment Scheme.  Developed Industrial Departments. (20 March March 1915)

TAYLOR’S VIEW ABOUT MANAGEMENT.  Taylor believed that the industrial management of his day was amateurish, that management could be formulated as an academic discipline.  Best results would come from the partnership between trained and qualified management and a cooperative and innovative workforce.  Each side needed the other and there is no need for trade unions.

TAYLOR'S CORE VALUES The rule of reason improved quality lower costs higher wages increased output labor-management experimentation clear tasks and goals training stress reduction careful selection and development of people

MANAGEMENT THEORY BY TAYLOR  Analyzing the work – One best way to do it.  He is remembered for developing time and motion study.  He would break a job into parts and measure each of 100 th of a minute.  The efforts of his disciples (most notably H.L.Gantt) made the industry to implement these ideas.

TAYLOR’S CONTRIBUTION TO MANAGEMENT  Frederick Winslow Taylor (20 March March 1915), widely known as F. W. Taylor, was an American mechanical engineer who sought to improve industrial efficiency.  He is regarded as the father of scientific management, and was one of the first management consultants.  He is sometimes called as “Father of Scientific Management”.

HIS PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT  The four principles of management. 1. The development of a true science. 2. The scientific selection of the workman. 3. The scientific education and development of the workman. 4. Intimate and friendly cooperation between the management and the men.

TAYLORS PRODUCTIVE APPROACH  Taylor created planning departments, staffed them with engineers, and gave them the responsibility to: 1. Develop scientific methods for doing work. 2. Establish goals for productivity. 3. Establish systems of rewards for meeting the goals. 4. Train the personnel in how to use the methods and thereby meet the goals.

Time Studies and the Piece-Rate System  Studied most efficient worker.  Used stop-watch timing to measure each production step.  Eliminated any unnecessary movements.  Designed standardized instruction cards for employees.  Employees paid for meeting the established rate of production.

Scientific Method of Management Contrasted Scientific Management  The most efficient manner to perform a task is determined and everyone does it that way.  Task Analysis.  Personnel Selection and Training.  Bureaucratic Organization Structure.  Span of Control and Top Down Management. Humanistic Approach  Concern for people not the task  Participatory decision-making  Emphasis on Individual Contributions and Personal Awareness  Flexibility

Scientific Method of Management Contrasted Social Systems Approach  Focused on the interaction of the organization and its larger environment  Leaders are high-task oriented (work structure) and high-relationships oriented (concern for others)  Organizations are a set of interrelated elements functioning as a whole Situational Leadership  No one style is appropriate for all situations.  Increased involvement in decision making  Collaborative Planning  Flexible Change Strategies  Unique Organizational Personality must be accounted for in structure, leadership, and decision-making

Administrative Management Theory Scientific Management Theory Behavioral Management Theory Management Science Theory Organizational Environment Theory

HOW DO TODAY’S MANAGERS USE SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT 1. It was important because it could raise countries’ standard of living by making workers more productive and efficient. 2. Also it’s important to remember that many of the tools and techniques developed by the scientific management practitioners are still used in organizations today.

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