From Harm to Home | Rescue.org Refugees and Asylees Students and Families

2 From Harm to Home | Rescue.org Today’s Training Who’s Who Core Populations and Conflicts Refugee Resettlement Process Working with Students and Parents ( Trauma and Best Practices)

3 From Harm to Home | Rescue.org Who’s who?

4 From Harm to Home | Rescue.org Quick Quiz 1 Who can tell me the difference between a refugee and an asylee?

5 From Harm to Home | Rescue.org Vocabulary: Refugee Asylee Special Immigrant Visa Cuban and Haitian Parolees Victim of Trafficking Key Facts: Legal Status Forced Migration Possible trauma Refugee: 1. Is outside their home country 2. Cannot return for a well founded fear of persecution on the basis of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion 3. Cannot remain in their current country

6 From Harm to Home | Rescue.org Vocabulary: Refugee Asylee Special Immigrant Visa Cuban and Haitian Parolees Victim of Trafficking Key Facts: Asylee: 1. Is already in the country they would like to resettle in 2. Cannot return to their home county for a well founded fear of persecution on the basis of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion Legal Status Forced Migration Possible trauma

7 From Harm to Home | Rescue.org Vocabulary: Refugee Asylee Special Immigrant Visa Cuban and Haitian Parolees Victim of Trafficking SIV: 1. Program specific to those who assisted with US military or coalition efforts in Iraq or Afghanistan and are in danger due to this role. Key Facts: Legal Status Forced Migration Possible trauma

8 From Harm to Home | Rescue.org Vocabulary: Refugee Asylee Special Immigrant Visa Cuban and Haitian Parolees Victim of Trafficking Key Facts: Parolees: Migrants from Cuba or Haiti who are paroled in the United States Legal Status Forced Migration Possible trauma

9 From Harm to Home | Rescue.org Vocabulary: Refugee Asylee Special Immigrant Visa Cuban and Haitian Parolees Victim of Trafficking Key Facts: Legal or Protected Status Forced Migration Possible trauma VOT: 1. This is women, men, and children who were brought to this country through coercion, fraud, force, or abduction generally for labor or sexual exploitation.

10 From Harm to Home | Rescue.org Questions? Refugee Asylee Special Immigrant Visa Cuban and Haitian Parolees Victim of Trafficking Quick Quiz 2: How are these similar and different from a family who moves here from India with their family to join an aunt?

11 From Harm to Home | Rescue.org Core Populations and Conflicts

12 From Harm to Home | Rescue.org DRC, Rwanda, Burundi

13 From Harm to Home | Rescue.org Background: Need to Know: Ethnic conflicts with Hutus and Tutsis Ongoing conflict for many decades Many armed groups involved Millions killed, injured, abducted and displaced -Studies show that most refugees have witnessed violence -Sexual violence used as a weapon of war -Low security and health in neighboring countries

14 From Harm to Home | Rescue.org Iraq and Afghanistan

15 From Harm to Home | Rescue.org Background: Need to Know: -Experienced violence (Youth lived in warfare) -Some experience with United States while overseas -Husbands generally speak English, wives generally don’t -SIVs and Refugees War in Iraq began in 2003 War in Afghanistan began in 2001 US and Allied forces worked with Iraqi and Afghan citizens

16 From Harm to Home | Rescue.org Bhutan, Nepal

17 From Harm to Home | Rescue.org Background: Need to Know: Nepali people moved into the south of Bhutan in late 1800s, Bhutanese became later concerned as they kept their Nepali culture. Many fled or were expelled in 1990s Living in camps in eastern Nepal for years Cannot remain in Nepal, cannot return to Bhutan -Deprived of freedom of movement and the right to work and earn a living -Encountered discrimination -Long term stays in Refugee Camps -Program is closing

18 From Harm to Home | Rescue.org Burma

19 From Harm to Home | Rescue.org Background: Need to Know: -Have been suppressed of human rights -Faced rape and other forms of sexual violence -Inhuman and degrading treatment -Ethnicity and government issues remain important in the US Conflict between military government and ethnic minorities in Kachin, Shan, Karen, Kayah and Mon States leading to widespread civilian deaths. The Rohingya are fleeing horrific apartheid-like conditions Human Rights abuses against citizens

20 From Harm to Home | Rescue.org Looking Forward Syria Central American Minors

21 From Harm to Home | Rescue.org Quick Quiz 3 Why do you think the conflicts in Central America are complicated from a legal refugee or asylee standpoint?

22 From Harm to Home | Rescue.org Refugee Resettlement Process

23 From Harm to Home | Rescue.org Durable Solutions Local Integration 3 rd County Resettlement Voluntary Repatriation

24 From Harm to Home | Rescue.org Quick Quiz 4: What percent of the world’s refugees resettle in a third country? Less than 1% Historically 50% of those come to the US

25 From Harm to Home | Rescue.org Refugee Process

26 From Harm to Home | Rescue.org Resettlement Airport Pickup Safe and Affordable Housing Cash Assistance Resettlement Plan Case Management Employment ESL/School Enrollment Medical Screenings Social Security Referrals Cultural Orientation Transportation Orientation Community Orientation Orientation

27 From Harm to Home | Rescue.org Possible Effects of Resettlement

28 From Harm to Home | Rescue.org Family Challenges of Resettlement Securing Employment Trauma Expectations vs. Reality Housing Language Monthly Assistance Day to Day Pressures/Stress from abroad

29 From Harm to Home | Rescue.org Students Low Income Interrupted education Low English Low Initial Investment but High Potential Unfamiliar with the United States (laws or social expectations) Trauma

30 From Harm to Home | Rescue.org Trauma Sustained trauma or stress physically changes the brain. Especially when experienced during childhood (brain development) Can lead to Decreased trust Decreased response to negative reinforcement Trouble sleeping Acting out Low investment in the long term Low development of cause and effect relationships

31 From Harm to Home | Rescue.org Thalamus: Interprets Sensory Information Amygdala: Emotional response “Normal” Reactions Hypothalamus: Controls the Autonomous nervous system. Fight, flight or freeze Prefrontal Cortex reasoning, judgment, higher level thinking, executive functioning Parasympathetic Nervous System

32 From Harm to Home | Rescue.org “Normal” Reactions Prefrontal Cortex reasoning, judgment, higher level thinking, executive functioning Amygdala: Emotional response Hypothalamus: Controls the Autonomous nervous system. Fight, flight or freeze Parasympathetic Nervous System Thalamus: Interprets Sensory Information

33 From Harm to Home | Rescue.org Trauma Reactions Thalamus: Interprets Sensory Information Amygdala: Emotional response Hypothalamus: Controls the Autonomous nervous system. Fight, flight or freeze Prefrontal Cortex reasoning, judgment, higher level thinking, executive functioning Parasympathetic Nervous System

34 From Harm to Home | Rescue.org Their shoes, Their perspective, Their lives

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38 From Harm to Home | Rescue.org Image you are that student… This is your homework…complete to the best of your ability. Koresha aya magambo mu interuro: Ndi… Mfite… Ndashaka…

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40 From Harm to Home | Rescue.org Best Practices You’re probably already doing a lot of this!

41 From Harm to Home | Rescue.org With Students Positive Reinforcement over Negative Return to concrete ideas in times or conversations of stress Listen, observe, find what works. Adapt this to your teaching style Honest and Open Get through the “testing” phase Show goodwill first, and again and again Avoid using food as a reward or punishment Consistent positive environment Teaching and Building Relationships

42 From Harm to Home | Rescue.org With Parents Reach out - Parents are very invested Try to send information home in something that is NOT written English Understand that some parents may not have ever gone to school, used a computer, read or wrote in any language, but they are smart and capable. may have been mechanical engineers with a summer home

43 From Harm to Home | Rescue.org With Both LARA Listen Affirm Respond Add information

44 From Harm to Home | Rescue.org With Yourselves and Your Teams This is not easy! … and that’s okay. Selfcare is important

45 From Harm to Home | Rescue.org Questions or Thoughts?